Abstract

In this study, a method to predict a target on the basis of the trajectory of eye movements and to increase the pointing speed while maintaining high predictive accuracy is proposed. First, a predictive method based on ballistic (fast) eye movements (Approach 1) was evaluated in terms of pointing speed and predictive accuracy. In Approach 1, the so-called Midas touch problem (pointing to an unintended target) occurred, particularly when a small number of samples was used to predict a target. Therefore, to overcome the poor predictive accuracy of Approach 1, we developed a new predictive method (Approach 2) using homing (slow) eye movements rather than ballistic (fast) eye movements. Approach 2 overcame the disadvantage (inaccurate prediction) of Approach 1 by shortening the pointing time while maintaining high predictive accuracy.

Highlights

  • Eye-gaze-based human–computer interaction techniques enable users to point to targets more quickly than they can with a computer mouse [1]–[13]

  • We propose a method to predict targets according to the trajectories of eye movements and to improve pointing speed while maintaining high predictive accuracy

  • TARGET PREDICTIVE METHOD BASED ON HOMING (SLOW) EYE MOVEMENTS As shown in Section II, except for s_b = 20, the predictive accuracy of Approach 1 was lower than the accuracy of the eye-gaze input system without target prediction and that of mouse input

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Summary

Introduction

Eye-gaze-based human–computer interaction techniques enable users to point to targets more quickly than they can with a computer mouse [1]–[13]. Previous studies have encompassed a variety of human–computer interaction tasks, such as clicks [11], [14], menu selection [15], and character input [16]. Faster target acquisition has been reported for an eye-gaze input system with short dwell times of 150 ms [2], [3]. Using the gaze to mimic the left-click function of a mouse interface to select an item forces users to perform unnatural eye movements, such as constant fixation duration. Using only eye gaze is more natural [17], eyegaze input is commonly combined with voice input or key

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