Development of an Eye-Gaze Input System With High Speed and Accuracy through Target Prediction Based on Homing Eye Movements

Atsuo Murata,Kazushi Kageyama,Waldemar Karwowski,Toshihisa Doi

doi:10.1109/access.2021.3055514

Atsuo Murata, Kazushi Kageyama + Show 2 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3055514

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Abstract

In this study, a method to predict a target on the basis of the trajectory of eye movements and to increase the pointing speed while maintaining high predictive accuracy is proposed. First, a predictive method based on ballistic (fast) eye movements (Approach 1) was evaluated in terms of pointing speed and predictive accuracy. In Approach 1, the so-called Midas touch problem (pointing to an unintended target) occurred, particularly when a small number of samples was used to predict a target. Therefore, to overcome the poor predictive accuracy of Approach 1, we developed a new predictive method (Approach 2) using homing (slow) eye movements rather than ballistic (fast) eye movements. Approach 2 overcame the disadvantage (inaccurate prediction) of Approach 1 by shortening the pointing time while maintaining high predictive accuracy.

Highlights

Eye-gaze-based human–computer interaction techniques enable users to point to targets more quickly than they can with a computer mouse [1]–[13]
We propose a method to predict targets according to the trajectories of eye movements and to improve pointing speed while maintaining high predictive accuracy
TARGET PREDICTIVE METHOD BASED ON HOMING (SLOW) EYE MOVEMENTS As shown in Section II, except for s_b = 20, the predictive accuracy of Approach 1 was lower than the accuracy of the eye-gaze input system without target prediction and that of mouse input

Summary

Introduction

Eye-gaze-based human–computer interaction techniques enable users to point to targets more quickly than they can with a computer mouse [1]–[13]. Previous studies have encompassed a variety of human–computer interaction tasks, such as clicks [11], [14], menu selection [15], and character input [16]. Faster target acquisition has been reported for an eye-gaze input system with short dwell times of 150 ms [2], [3]. Using the gaze to mimic the left-click function of a mouse interface to select an item forces users to perform unnatural eye movements, such as constant fixation duration. Using only eye gaze is more natural [17], eyegaze input is commonly combined with voice input or key

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