Abstract
This study aimed to present a wireless mandibular motion tracking device and optoelectronic data acquisition system developed to analyze the real-time spatial motion of the entire mandible during mouth opening and closing with no restriction of any movement. The procedures were divided into three phases: confection of a kinematic arch, dynamic digital video image acquisition, and image processing and analysis by using graphic computation. Four sequences of jaw opening/closing movements were recorded in lateral view: two from the maximum intercuspation (MIC) and the other two from a forced mandibular retruded position. Jaw motion was recorded by a digital video camera and processed as spatial coordinates corresponding to the position variation of the markers in the kinematic arch. The results showed that the method was capable of recording and processing the dynamics of the mandibular movements during jaw opening/closing using pixel-magnitude points. The mandible showed points with less displacement located near the temporomandibular joint during the opening/closing movements from the mandibular retruded position. When the jaw movements were recorded from MIC, these points were located near the mandibular foramen.
Highlights
Analysis of the mandibular movements requires a comprehensive understanding of the mechanical and neuromuscular principles of the complex kinematics of the mandible and its related structures, i.e., muscles, ligaments, teeth and temporomandibular joints
Mandibular movements have been assessed by using a number of different methods including graphic tracings,[2,3] imaging,[4,5,6] or electromagnetic transducers cemented on anterior teeth,[7,8] but most devices often interfere in the complete closing of the mouth or in the maximum intercuspation (MIC) position, preventing the recording of jaw movements from the centric position
Koyano et al.[17] (1997) used a jaw-tracking device equipped with light emitting diodes (LEDs), but despite being fabricated with a light alloy of aluminum, the device had large dimensions affecting the jaw movement recording
Summary
Analysis of the mandibular movements requires a comprehensive understanding of the mechanical and neuromuscular principles of the complex kinematics of the mandible and its related structures, i.e., muscles, ligaments, teeth and temporomandibular joints. Motion tracking systems based on optoelectronic technology become the preferred method to study jaw movements because of their operational and accuracy advantages over the other methods.[9,10,11,12,13,14,15] For example, Karlsson et al.[16] (1991) analyzed the velocity and the amplitude of jaw movements using light emitting diodes (LEDs) fixed on teeth in different positions that emitted controlled pulses of infrared light. Koyano et al.[17] (1997) used a jaw-tracking device equipped with LEDs, but despite being fabricated with a light alloy of aluminum, the device had large dimensions affecting the jaw movement recording. Most of the reported optoelectronic systems for jaw motion recording were manufactured using LEDs or reflexive markers, which increased the cost and the complexity of image acquisition. Some devices use cables to connect the jaw tracking device to the image acquisition unit, which may interfere with the mandibular movements
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