DEVELOPMENT OF AN EFFECTIVE TECHNOLOGY FOR CLEANING OIL-CONTAMINATED SOILS BASED ON BIOMATERIALS

Abstract

Currently, one of the modern priority tasks for Environmental Protection is the search for highly efficient oil and oil product sorbents. Purpose: to research the sorption properties of biomass in the process of cleaning soils contaminated with petroleum products. In this article, the sorption properties of natural materials – rice husks and reeds, a s well as waste from the woodworking industry – sawdust used to clean oil-contaminated soil were studied. When cleaning oil-contaminated soil, it was found that sawdust, reeds, rice husks can be presented as sorbent. Multicomponent systems from the above-mentioned plant waste have shown the prospect of their use as environmentally friendly materials for cleaning up the consequences of oil pollution. In the model system, they sorbed more than 70% of the hydrocarbons introduced into the system. Such complex sorbents have shown the possibility of their reuse. The influence of oil pollution of the soil on various groups of biomass of types of residues of plant raw materials has been studied. The stimulating effect of oil and petroleum products on the development of sorbents is shown, and the mechanism of their development process is constructed. The results of the analysis of the sorption of hydrocarbons in sorbents are presented. A good agreement of the obtained model with experimental data is shown. The model well describes the behavior of the sorption properties of biomass in oil-contaminated soil. Creation of sorption technology for oil-contaminated soil purification using natural sorbents. The degree of influence of the research results on the scientific and technical level is significant, since the issues of using various carbon composite materials for soil purification of petroleum products will be resolved, which will allow obtaining the most effective method of improving soil structural aggregates and preserving soil fertility. The results of the study are aimed at potential consumers in the oil and gas, petrochemical, biotechnological and environmental environment, which provides a qualitative solution to urgent socio-economic, scientific and technical problems for the development of the Republic of Kazakhstan.