Development of an approach to improvement the protection of the population in protective buildings of civil protection in the conditions of air pollution by toxic chemical agents

Abstract

The object of research is the process of air purification from toxic chemicals in the filter ventilation systems of civil protection facilities, the subject of the study is the use of catalytic materials based on titanium dioxide coatings in filter ventilation systems. One of the most problematic places is the expired expiration dates of absorber filters used in the filter ventilation systems of civil protection structures. This can lead to a decrease in their protective effect on the disinfection of outdoor air in the conditions of man-made accidents, military operations or terrorist acts. As a result, it poses a threat to the life and health of people. To solve this problem, it is proposed to use catalytic materials based on titanium dioxide, obtained by plasma-electrolyte oxidation, in the filter-ventilation systems of civil protection facilities. In the course of the study, TiO2·MO coatings were formed on model titanium samples, where M is W, Mo, Zr, Zn. Using the methods of energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry, scanning electron and atomic force microscopy, and photocolorimetric studies, the properties of the synthesized functional materials were studied and the possibilities of their application in the technology of photocatalytic oxidation of toxic substances were determined. An analysis was also made of possible designs of photocatalytic blocks for filter ventilation systems using catalytic materials based on TiO2. It has been determined that the optimal technological form of a catalyst in a photocatalytic block is the deposition of a layer of titanium dioxide doped with additional components on a structured base by plasma-electrolyte oxidation. The results obtained made it possible to create proposals for the use of synthesized catalytic materials to increase the degree of protection of the population at civil protection facilities. In particular, it is proposed to arrange the existing filter ventilation systems with a photocatalytic unit (module) to increase the efficiency of neutralizing chemically hazardous substances, and, consequently, the degree of protection of people. The direction of further research is related to the manufacture of a mock-up sample of the photocatalytic unit and bench tests to study the effectiveness of air disinfection.