Abstract
To non-destructively acquire leaf nitrogen content (LNC), leaf nitrogen accumulation (LNA), leaf area index (LAI), and leaf dry weight (LDW) data at high speed and low cost, a portable apparatus for crop-growth monitoring and diagnosis (CGMD) was developed according to the spectral monitoring mechanisms of crop growth. According to the canopy characteristics of crops and actual requirements of field operation environments, splitting light beams by using an optical filter and proper structural parameters were determined for the sensors. Meanwhile, an integral-type weak optoelectronic signal processing circuit was designed, which changed the gain of the system and guaranteed the high resolution of the apparatus by automatically adjusting the integration period based on the irradiance received from ambient light. In addition, a coupling processor system for a sensor information and growth model based on the microcontroller chip was developed. Field experiments showed that normalised vegetation index (NDVI) measured separately through the CGMD apparatus and the ASD spectrometer showed a good linear correlation. For measurements of canopy reflectance spectra of rice and wheat, their linear determination coefficients (R2) were 0.95 and 0.92, respectively while the root mean square errors (RMSEs) were 0.02 and 0.03, respectively. NDVI value measured by using the CGMD apparatus and growth indices of rice and wheat exhibited a linear relationship. For the monitoring models for LNC, LNA, LAI, and LDW of rice based on linear fitting of NDVI, R2 were 0.64, 0.67, 0.63 and 0.70, and RMSEs were 0.31, 2.29, 1.15 and 0.05, respectively. In addition, R2 of the models for monitoring LNC, LNA, LAI, and LDW of wheat on the basis of linear fitting of NDVI were 0.82, 0.71, 0.72 and 0.70, and RMSEs were 0.26, 2.30, 1.43, and 0.05, respectively.
Highlights
The basic requirement of precision agriculture is to rapidly acquire accurate and reliable crop-growth information in a convenient way at low cost; this is key to realising accurate management and regulation of crops [1,2,3]
The measured result arising from use of the crop-growth monitoring and diagnosis (CGMD) apparatus was close to that found by applying the ASD spectrometer, both of which changed in a unified trend
leaf nitrogen content (LNC), leaf nitrogen accumulation (LNA), leaf area index (LAI), and leaf dry weight (LDW) of rice based on linear fitting of normalised vegetation index (NDVI) data, the determination coefficients
Summary
The basic requirement of precision agriculture is to rapidly acquire accurate and reliable crop-growth information in a convenient way at low cost; this is key to realising accurate management and regulation of crops [1,2,3]. Non-destructive monitoring technologies based on feature identification through reflectance spectra have shown various advantages, including non-destructibility, convenient access to information, and good real-time performance They have been widely used in research into the monitoring of crop-growth indices and estimation of agricultural mechanisms [4,5,6,7,8]. The development and application of these spectrometers provide powerful technological support for precision management and information acquisition of crops [26,27,28,29] These items of equipment only display single functions and output canopy reflectance or spectral vegetation indices. It has been popularised in agricultural production estimation
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