Development of an anti-infective coating on the surface of intraosseous implants responsive to enzymes and bacteria

Xin Liao,Xingfang Yu,Haiping Yu,Bi Zhang,Jie Xiao,Jiaqi Huang

doi:10.1186/s12951-021-00985-3

Abstract

BackgroundBacterial proliferation on the endosseous implants surface presents a new threat to the using of the bone implants. Unfortunately, there is no effective constructed antibacterial coating which is bacterial anti-adhesion substrate-independent or have long-term biofilm inhibition functions.MethodsDrug release effect was tested in Chymotrypsin (CMS) solution and S. aureus. We used bacterial inhibition rate assays and protein leakage experiment to analyze the in vitro antibacterial effect of (Montmorillonite/Poly-l-lysine-Chlorhexidine)10 [(MMT/PLL-CHX)10] multilayer film. We used the CCK-8 assay to analyze the effect of (MMT/PLL-CHX)10 multilayer films on the growth and proliferation of rat osteoblasts. Rat orthopaedic implant-related infections model was constructed to test the antimicrobial activity effect of (MMT/PLL-CHX)10 multilayer films in vivo.ResultsIn this study, the (MMT/PLL-CHX)10 multilayer films structure were progressively degraded and showed well concentration-dependent degradation characteristics following incubation with Staphylococcus aureus and CMS solution. Bacterial inhibition rate assays and protein leakage experiment showed high levels of bactericidal activity. While the CCK-8 analysis proved that the (MMT/PLL-CHX)10 multilayer films possess perfect biocompatibility. It is somewhat encouraging that in the in vivo antibacterial tests, the K-wires coated with (MMT/PLL-CHX)10 multilayer films showed lower infections incidence and inflammation than the unmodified group, and all parameters are close to SHAM group.Conclusion(MMT/PLL-CHX)10 multilayer films provides a potential therapeutic method for orthopaedic implant-related infections.

Highlights

Extremity fracture from high energy trauma need reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) to stabilise the injury, traditionally use endosseous implants to treatment fracture [1,2,3]
The zeta potential of (MMT/PLL-CHX)10 multilayer film structure was measured in Phosphate buffered saline (PBS) (Fig. 1D)
The (MMT/PLLCHX)10 and SHAM group all exhibited normal morphology (Fig. 11E–F). All in all, this present research shows that (MMT/PLLCHX)10 multilayer films obtained by layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly exhibited linear growth

Summary

Introduction

Extremity fracture from high energy trauma need reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) to stabilise the injury, traditionally use endosseous implants to treatment fracture [1,2,3]. Bacterial proliferation on the iendosseous implants surface and succedent biofilm formation. Afterwards, these bacteria proliferate and develop the biofilm itself [10, 11]. A multiple effort has been paid to research antibacterial surfaces either to directly eliminate bacteria or resist bacterial attachment surrounding the endosseous implants for long-term biofilm inhibition [12,13,14]. Once bacteria adhesion transferred to the irreversible stage, bacterial overgrowth and biofilm formation are ineluctable [18]. There is no effective constructed antibacterial coating which is bacterial anti-adhesion substrate-independent or have long-term biofilm inhibition functions

Methods

Results

Conclusion