Development of Ambulatory Arterio-Venous Carbon Dioxide Removal (AVCO2R): The Downsized Gas Exchanger Prototype for Ambulation Removes Enough CO2 with Low Blood Resistance

Abstract

We are developing an ultra compact gas exchanger to allow ambulation during arterial-venous CO2 removal (AVCO2R). The ambulatory AVCO2R gas exchanger (135 ml prime volume and 1.3 M2 gas exchange surface area) is made of polymethylpentene hollow fibers. The gas exchanger was attached to sheep carotid artery (12F) and jugular vein (14F) by percutaneous cannulae for 6 hours (n = 5). Device CO2 removal was measured and calculated at a constant blood flow rate of 1 L/min coupled with varying sweep gas from 1 to 15 L/min, and at constant sweep gas flow of 2 L/min coupled with varying blood flow from 0.5 to 1.25 L/min to determine capacity of CO2 removal at Pa CO2 = 40-50 mm Hg. Blood gases, CO2 removal and hemodynamics were recorded at 0, 3, and 6 hours. CO2 removal increased with sweep gas flow rate and with increase of device blood flow. Hemodynamics remained unchanged throughout study. Gas exchanger resistance remained stable at 2.3 +/- 0.53 mm Hg/L/min. CO2 removal with 1 L/min blood flow and 2 L/min sweep gas was 110 +/- 12 then stabilized at 85 +/- 14 mL/min to 6 hours. The compact ambulatory AVCO2R gas exchanger achieves stable, near total CO2 removal for at least 6 hours with a simple arteriovenous shunt.