Development of Air Conditioning Systems

Abstract

This paper presents information on the global production and energy consumption of climate equipment. Information is provided on refrigerants used in air conditioning systems, in particular about R22, which was practically abandoned by many countries in the early 2000s, however, in 2018, about half of air conditioners owned by the population worked on R22. According to a number of estimates, 600 to 800 million units are operated in the world, and about 60% of air conditioners are used refrigerants of the hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) group. Many mixed refrigerants based on the hydrofluoroolefin group are considered potentially possible refrigerants to replace the refrigerants of the HFC group (e.g., R407C, R404A, and R410A). Japan and South Korea suggest using the R32 refrigerant. In India, the production of split systems using the R290 refrigerant has been organized. Various types of air conditioners and their production in the world are presented, working mainly on refrigerants of the HFC group, e.g., R407C, R404A, and R410A. The bactericidal treatment of the air environment using electroconvection and low-temperature nonequilibrium plasma is also described, with the results of processing several cultures and metal surfaces obtained by the authors.