Abstract
Reciprocating internal combustion engines have wide application in agricultural, recreational and experimental aircraft, resulting from their low cost and less complex maintenance compared to other engines. Thus, this work analyzed the performance of a conventional four-stroke engine operating in the two-stroke cycle by means of direct fuel injection and mechanical air supercharging. The use of a supercharger was essential in this design to provide adequate gas exchange inside the cylinder during the long valve overlap required, while direct fuel injection made it possible to reduce the short circuit of air-fuel mixture to the exhaust. Due to the double ignition frequency compared to a four-stroke engine, it was possible to obtain a large power density (40 kW/L) at a speed of 2400 rpm, also a specific fuel consumption of 270 g/kWh with gasoline and 400 g/kWh with ethanol. The use of ethanol in replacement of gasoline made it possible to operate at full load (160 Nm/L) at 800 rpm without the occurrence of knocking combustion.
Highlights
The agribusiness sector has great importance to Brazilian economy, representing 23.5% of its gross domestic product (GDP) in 2017, as stated by the Brazilian Agriculture and Livestock Confederation (Reuters 2017)
The graphs on the left show the results for gasoline, while the right shows the results for ethanol
The lower overall efficiency of gasoline was a result of the retarded ignition timing required to avoid knocking combustion, which was not the case of ethanol operation when the maximum torque was achieved at all times
Summary
The agribusiness sector has great importance to Brazilian economy, representing 23.5% of its gross domestic product (GDP) in 2017, as stated by the Brazilian Agriculture and Livestock Confederation (Reuters 2017). Mhereb and Norder (2018) affirm that agricultural aviation is an essential component in the process of modernizing Brazilian agriculture and emphasize its great operational capacity. In this sense, agricultural aviation plays a key role in expanding productivity. If compared to land application, it allows the spraying of agrochemicals in a larger area in a shorter time. It provides no contact with soil avoiding its compaction and damage to other crops; besides, it enables the application even in wet soil after heavy rainfall periods (Santos 2005)
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