Development of a tool to measure holistic reflection in midwifery students and midwives

Abstract

BackgroundHolistic reflection encompasses reflection as a continuum, incorporating critical reflection, reflexivity, critical thinking and a whole-of-person approach. The development of holistic reflection in midwifery students and midwives is rarely measured in a standardised way. AimTo develop and test a tool to measure holistic reflection in midwifery students and midwives, for use in pre-registration and post-graduate education, and research. DesignThe eight-step approach to tool development by DeVellis was followed with psychometric testing of data from a cross-sectional survey. ParticipantsMidwifery students (pre-registration and postgraduate), and midwifery alumni of an Australian university. MethodsDraft items (n = 84) were generated from review of the literature, qualitative research, and a theoretical model. An expert panel (n = 19) reviewed draft items resulting in 39 items. The survey included demographic details, the draft Holistic Reflection Assessment Tool, emotional intelligence subscale, and a social desirability scale. Participants repeated the online survey at two weeks to confirm test-retest reliability. ResultsThe 187 responses were received. Exploratory factor analysis with varimax rotation revealed three factors accounting for 49% of variance. Internal consistency of the tool was high (α = .91) and test-retest reliability at two weeks (α = .93) demonstrated stability. There were low correlations between social desirability (r = .22, p < .001) and emotional intelligence (r = .21, p < .001) with the new holistic reflection scale. ConclusionsThe Holistic Reflection Assessment Tool is the first for midwifery. The tool was reliable, stable, and valid. Further research is warranted for criterion validity.