Abstract
A thermodynamic model for calculating the operating process in the cylinder of a spark-ignition engine with internal mixture formation and stratified air-fuel charge based on the volume balance method was developed. The model takes into account the change in the working fluid volume during the piston movement in the cylinder. The equation of volume balance of internal mixture formation processes during direct fuel injection into the engine cylinder was compiled. The equation takes into account the adiabatic change in the volume of the stratified air-fuel charge, consisting of fuel-air mixture volume and air volume. From the heat balance equation, the change in the fuel-air mixture volume during gasoline evaporation in the fuel stream and from the surface of the fuel film due to external heat transfer was determined. Basic equations of combustion-expansion processes of the stratified air-fuel charge were derived, taking into account three zones corresponding to combustion products, fuel-air mixture and air volumes. The equation takes into account the change in the working fluid volume due to heat transfer and heat exchange between the zones and the walls of the above-piston volume. Dependences for determining the temperature in the three considered zones and pressure in the cylinder were obtained. Graphs of changes in the volumes of the combustion products, fuel-air mixture and air zones with the change of the above-piston volume in partial load modes (n=3,000 rpm) were plotted. With increasing load from bmep=0.144 MPa to bmep=0.322 MPa, at the moment of fuel ignition, the volume of the fuel-air mixture increases from 70 % to 92 % of the above-piston volume. At the same time, the air volume decreases from 30 % to 8 %. Analysis of theoretical and experimental indicator diagrams showed that discrepancies in the maximum combustion pressure do not exceed 5 %
Highlights
Despite the global record decline in CO2 emissions [1], which characterizes mainly the amount of fuel burned, the share of renewable energy consumption is increasing due to lower demand in the global energy sector.current requirements for fuel consumption, including alternative, and toxic emissions into the atmosphereApplied physics pose a complex problem of efficiency of internal combustion engines (ICE) [2].Fuel consumption and toxic exhaust gas (EG) emissions of road transport can be reduced using hybrid drives [3] based on ICE, alternative to them or with electric traction.To this end, studies have been carried out to improve the reliability of traction induction motors of electric ve hicles [4]
Based on the obtained heat balance equation, the change in heat amount due to heat transfer between the working fluid and the adjacent walls of the above-piston volume is taken into account
The equation takes into account the heat involved in gasoline evaporation in the fuel stream and from the surface of the fuel film
Summary
Fuel consumption and toxic exhaust gas (EG) emissions of road transport can be reduced using hybrid drives [3] based on ICE, alternative to them or with electric traction. To this end, studies have been carried out to improve the reliability of traction induction motors of electric ve hicles [4]. A modern solution to the problem of reducing harmful EG emissions of land and water transport [6] is the conversion of existing ICE to gas [7], alcohol [8] and alternative fuels [9]
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