Abstract
One of the major issues facing the world in the 21st century is climate change. However, sustainability has become a crucial concept to combat extreme consumption of environmental resources. The bathroom has been estimated to be the principal user of environmental resources in United Kingdom households. Therefore, the challenge that how a combined water and energy saving unit in the bathroom will contribute to the sustainability of the houses will remain unresolved. This study challenges and extends existing knowledge on sustainability related to the smart bathroom systems considering social, environmental, and economic principles to achieve a highly efficient water and energy consumption in the bathroom. This study gathers that a range of technological challenges are based on the individual components and technologies in the bathroom and concludes that a holistic approach is required for an effective modelling in the bathroom. This allows the examination of energy and water flows in the complex systems, shaped by various social, economic and environmental forces. The method this study presented adopts conceptual and holistic modelling to design and implement a bathroom unit that is sustainable and smart. This study uncovers the contribution of renewable energy source and smart control technologies in the bathroom and the significant contribution it makes in levels of energy consumption and carbon emissions. These sustainable features are subsequently used to develop framework for sustainable for implementing and evaluation of sustainable bathroom system. This study has established a strong quantitative and qualitative links between three dimensions of sustainability.
Highlights
The effect of climate change is and will possibly keep on being a vital threat that experts need to manage globally in this century
This study aims to challenge and extend existing knowledge on sustainability related to the smart bathroom systems considering social, environmental and economic dynamics
The results sections in this study shows that, the connection amongst sustainability, renewable energy and smart control for bathroom becomes clear to reduce the level of energy consumption and rates of carbon emissions while the associated link to social sustainability tackles thermal comfort of bathroom user; bathroom system is of strong environmental significance and subsequently has high economic and social influences
Summary
The effect of climate change is and will possibly keep on being a vital threat that experts need to manage globally in this century. The major effects of climate change are global warming, ice cap melting, sea-level rises, and precipitation changes. Ocean levels are projected to rise, and extreme climatic conditions are probably going to turn out to be gradually normal (Oye et al, 2020a). It clearly shows that climate change can possibly have effect on environmental conditions and performance of water structure. Report from DEFRA in 2008 have highlighted that due to increasing population and the changes people have made in the way water is used in the UK, over 50% of UK water supply is being delivered for domestic use. 2008 is committed to providing efficient measure to limit water consumption from 150 to 130l/person/day or probably 120l/person/day liable to technological improvement and invention
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