Abstract
This paper presents a static network equivalent model for Korean power systems. The proposed equivalent model preserves the overall transmission network characteristics focusing on power flows among areas in Korean power systems. For developing the model, a power transfer distribution factor (PTDF)-based k-means++ algorithm was used to cluster the bus groups in which similar PTDF characteristics were identified. For the reduction process, the bus groups were replaced by a single bus with a generator or load, and an equivalent transmission line was determined to maintain power flows in the original system model. Appropriate voltage levels were selected, and compensation for real power line losses was made for the correct representation. A Korean power system with more than 1600 buses was reduced to a 38-bus system with 13 generators, 25 loads, and 74 transmission lines. The effectiveness of the developed equivalent model was evaluated by performing power flow simulations and comparisons of various characteristics of the original and reduced systems. The simulation comparisons show that the developed equivalent model maintains inter-area power flows as close as possible to the original Korean power systems.
Highlights
Confidentiality issues of critical energy infrastructure information limit public access to realistic transmission network models without the dedicated permission requirements
I,j i,j where Rcompensated is the resistance of the transmission line between areas i and j, IR is the magnitude of the current over the transmission line between areas i and j in the equivalent model, Pkloss denotes the transmission line real power losses in the original system, and k is a transmission line connecting areas i and j
The average error in inter-area power flows is less than 1%
Summary
Confidentiality issues of critical energy infrastructure information limit public access to realistic transmission network models without the dedicated permission requirements. The power system model size is decreased by replacing the external system with small equivalents, whereas the area of interest (the internal system) is unchanged These techniques focus on maintaining the characteristics of a specific portion of the system; the reduced model might be unsuitable for large-scale network analysis where power flow interactions among areas are required. A static equivalent model preserving the overall system topology of Korean power systems was developed using the PTDF-based k-means++ bus-clustering method.
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