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Abstract
The complexity and dynamic of the manufacturing environment are growing due to the changes of manufacturing demand from mass production to mass customization that require variable product types, small lot sizes, and a short lead-time to market. Currently, the automatic manufacturing systems are suitable for mass production. To cope with the changes of the manufacturing environment, the paper proposes the model and technologies for developing a smart cyber-physical manufacturing system (Smart-CPMS). The transformation of the actual manufacturing systems to the Smart-CPMS is considered as the next generation of manufacturing development in Industry 4.0. The Smart-CPMS has advanced characteristics inspired from biology such as self-organization, self-diagnosis, and self-healing. These characteristics ensure that the Smart-CPMS is able to adapt with continuously changing manufacturing requirements. The model of Smart-CPMS is inherited from the organization of living systems in biology and nature. Consequently, in the Smart-CPMS, each resource on the shop floor such as machines, robots, transporters, and so on, is an autonomous entity, namely a cyber-physical system (CPS) which is equipped with cognitive capabilities such as perception, reasoning, learning, and cooperation. The Smart-CPMS adapts to the changes of manufacturing environment by the interaction among CPSs without external intervention. The CPS implementation uses the cognitive agent technology. Internet of things (IoT) with wireless networks, radio frequency identification (RFID), and sensor networks are used as information and communication technology (ICT) infrastructure for carrying out the Smart-CPMS.
Highlights
Automated control systems as the flexible manufacturing systems (FMSs) widely applied to mass production can reach the requirements of productivity and quality of products [1]
Internet of things (IoT) with wireless networks, radio frequency identification (RFID), and sensor networks are used as information and communication technology (ICT) infrastructure for carrying out the Smart-CPMS
The adaptation of a manufacturing system to disturbances is the ability to respond rapidly and to recover autonomously, which keeps the manufacturing system running and avoids it from stopping completely. Conventional manufacturing systems such as the flexible manufacturing system (FMS) and computer integrated manufacturing (CIM) are unable to adapt to the complexity and the dynamic of the manufacturing environment
Summary
Automated control systems as the flexible manufacturing systems (FMSs) widely applied to mass production can reach the requirements of productivity and quality of products [1]. The FMSs activate the automatic operations using pre-instructed programs. These FMSs have difficulty reaching the requirements of flexibility, adaptability, and reliability. The manufacturing systems operated by human workers with cognitive capability such as perception, learning, and reasoning to make a decision can satisfy these requirements. The practical applications of these systems are low due to the high production costs as well as only being suitable for the production of prototypes or small lot sizes. It is necessary to integrate cognitive capability to the FMSs to achieve the biology inspired FMS systems with advanced characteristics [1,2,3]
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