Abstract
The spherical proportional counter is a novel gaseous detector with numerous applications, including direct dark matter searches and neutron spectroscopy. The strengths of the Geant4 and Garfield++ toolkits are combined to create a simulation framework for spherical proportional counters. The interface is implemented by introducing Garfield++ classes within a Geant4 application. Simulated muon, electron, and photon signals are presented, and the effects of gas mixture composition and anode support structure on detector response are discussed.
Highlights
Electron transport and multiplicationThe ionisation electrons are transported through the gas stochastically
A flexible and predictive framework for the simulation of the spherical proportional counter is developed, combining the strengths of the Geant4 and Garfield++ toolkits. This framework allows detector response to be studied under different conditions, facilitating investigations of sensor development, and event reconstruction
The simulation will be validated with data and the user interface will be improved to facilitate the wider use of this framework by the community
Summary
The ionisation electrons are transported through the gas stochastically For this purpose the Monte Carlo drift line method of Garfield++ is used. Magboltz gas property tables are used to model the electron drift velocity and diffusion in the electric field, as well as the Townsend, α, and attachment, η, coefficients. The microscopic drift line tracking models the multiplication process down to the individual electron-atom collision level. As such, it is the most precise option, but it has a large computational cost. Parameter ξ is estimated by running a simulation with Garfield++ microscopic tracking and fitting the result, as in figure 6; ξ was found to be approximately independent with respect to the position of the avalanche
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