Abstract
The ability of sensors to detect changes in the Earth’s environment is dependent on retrieving radiometrically consistent and calibrated measurements from its surface. Intercalibration provides consistency among satellite instruments and ensures fidelity of scientific information. Intercalibration is especially important for spaceborne satellites without any on-board calibration, as accuracy of instruments is significantly affected by changes that occur postlaunch. To better understand the key parameters that impact the intercalibration process, this paper describes a simulation environment that was developed to support the primary mission of the Algodones Dunes campaign. Specifically, measurements obtained from the campaign were utilized to create a synthetic landscape to assess the feasibility of using the Algodones Dunes system as an intercalibration site for spaceborne instruments. The impact of two key parameters (differing view-angles and temporal offsets between instruments) on the intercalibration process was assessed. Results of these studies indicate that although the accuracy of intercalibration is sensitive to these parameters, proper knowledge of their impact leads to situations that minimize their effect. This paper concludes with a case study that addresses the feasibility of performing intercalibration on the International Space Station’s platform to support NASA’s CLARREO, the climate absolute radiance and refractivity observatory, mission.
Highlights
The calibration of spaceborne sensors is critical to ensure continuity and accuracy in long-term studies of geophysical parameters.[1]
The first part of the work focused on the feasibility of the Digital Imaging and Remote Sensing Image Generation (DIRSIG) software to simulate spaceborne sensors
The top of atmosphere (TOA) radiance was reported for the RGB bands of the sensors
Summary
The calibration of spaceborne sensors is critical to ensure continuity and accuracy in long-term studies of geophysical parameters.[1]. There are numerous parameters that potentially need to be considered to perform an accurate intercalibration between sensors [e.g., view geometry of the sensors, time-of-collect, differences in spectral response functions, and the bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) of the material]. These studies focused on assessing the impact of differing view geometries and time-of-collect on the intercalibration process. The development of a simulated landscape and a forward modeling approach was utilized to assess the sensitivity of the intercalibration of Aqua-MODIS with SOLARIS on these two parameters. The process used to verify the DIRSIG software by simulating MODIS is detailed in Sec. 2.2, followed by an intercalibration study of Landsat-8 using Aqua-MODIS
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