Abstract
A simplified radiation-induced emulsion graft polymerization (SREG) method is proposed. This method involves a convenient and easy degassing process of a monomer solution using a commercially available sealed glass jar. A loaded weight on the lid of the jar was used to control the jar’s internal pressure as the degassing of the monomer solution took place using a vacuum pump. The degassing method was highly reproducible, resulting from no bumping of the monomer solution. The initial grafting velocity was proportional to the absorbed doses of pre-irradiation between 5 and 20 kGy. This result indicates that dissolved oxygen was sufficiently eliminated from the monomer solution at such a level where the remaining oxygen had little effect on the grafting reaction at a dose of 5 kGy. The method was then applied to the fabrication of a heavy metal adsorbent that possessed a sufficient adsorption capacity of Co(II) ions. The SREG method is applicable to the fabrication of a wide variety of functional graft polymers because high-dose-rate gamma-ray radiation and expensive experimental equipment are not necessary.
Highlights
Radiation-induced graft polymerization is used for several industrial-scale biomedical and environmental materials because radiation grafting changes only the surface of the polymer without any impact on trunk polymers [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8]
The simplified radiation-induced emulsion graft polymerization (SREG) method is applicable to the fabrication of a wide variety of functional graft polymers because high-dose-rate gamma-ray radiation and expensive experimental equipment are not necessary
When the irradiated polymer substrate is immersed in the monomer solution, the radicals rapidly react with dissolved oxygen instead of the monomer molecule
Summary
Radiation-induced graft polymerization is used for several industrial-scale biomedical and environmental materials because radiation grafting changes only the surface of the polymer without any impact on trunk polymers [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8]. The pre-irradiation method relies on the polymer substrate being activated by irradiation in the absence of the monomer, and the activated polymer subsequently reacts with the monomer This method is more complicated and very susceptible to dissolved oxygen in the monomer solution, compared with the simultaneous irradiation method, very little ungrafted homopolymer is formed, and it is possible to suppress the undesirable consumption of the monomer (monomer loss). When the irradiated polymer substrate is immersed in the monomer solution, the radicals rapidly react with dissolved oxygen instead of the monomer molecule. The rolled nonwoven fabric is irradiated by gamma-rays at doses above 20 kGy, in which gamma-rays can penetrate deeply into the internal regions, and graft polymerization is carried out under bubbling with nitrogen gas to eliminate the dissolved oxygen [19]. Method that involves an easy procedure to sufficiently remove dissolved oxygen from the monomer solution, as well as its application to the fabrication of a heavy metal adsorbent
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