Development of a screening tool to improve the referral of patients with breast and gynecological cancer to outpatient palliative care

Abstract

ObjectiveNew strategies that allow timely referral to outpatient palliative care (PC) for cancer patients are sought. The authors developed a 16-item checklist tool with 3 categories of care priorities based on patients' physical functionality. To evaluate the potential clinical impact of the use of these criteria in patients with advanced breast and gynecological cancer (ABGC) seen at oncology clinics. MethodsThe study was divided into 2 phases. In Phase I, research nurse prospectively assessed the referral criteria among patients with ABGC who had not yet been referred to PC. The oncologists' (routine) referral rate was compared to the referral rate if the criteria were applied universally. In Phase II, we implemented routine screening with these referral criteria without automatic trigger. Patients not yet evaluated by PC were retrospectively evaluated regarding the rate of screening and how often they met criteria. ResultsAmong the 120 patients evaluated in Phase I, oncologists referred 23 (19%) and the screening criteria identified another 82 (68%) who may benefit from PC, potentially increasing the PC referral rate by 3.2-fold. Patients would have been referred earlier using the criteria than based on oncologists' judgement (median survival 451 days vs. 178, p < 0.001). In Phase II, among the patients who were not yet receiving PC, 38.6% (97 of 251) met at least one criterion. ConclusionThe use of referral criteria has the potential to significantly increase the number of timely palliative care referral. Further research is needed to test the implementation of these criteria.