Development of a Safe Technology for the Processing of lithium-ion Batteries, Including the Stages of Discharging in Saline Ssolutions and Granulation of Target Products

Abstract

It was shown that when disposing of complex chemical power sources (CCPS), they must be subjected to a preliminary discharge to a safe residual voltage of 1 V maximum. The data of foreign studies on the discharge of Lithium-Cobalt, Lithium-Nickel-Cobalt-Manganese and Lithium-Manganese batteries (LCO, NCM, LMO batteries, respectively) by various methods were analyzed. The results of experimental studies of battery discharges in NaCl 5, 10, 15 wt.% and Na2CO3 10 wt.% solutions were presented. It was found that the discharge in saline solutions proceeds by electrolysis. It was confirmed that the use of Na2CO3 leads to the hydrolysis of carbonates. The graphs show the dependences of the discharge of various batteries on the discharge time and the hydrodynamic parameters of the agitator according to the Reynolds criterion (ReM). The composition of precipitation formed during the discharge of the battery was determined. Recommendations were developed on the regime parameters of mixing devices and the safe discharge procedure.