Abstract
BackgroundGlobally, the population of oldest-old (those aged ≥80 years) is rapidly growing. This change is likely to have a deep impact on societies. Resilience is a key concept related to facilitating adaptation, and can be applied, to aging-related change and losses, as well as promoting health and well-being in this population. However, no existing scales have been developed to measure resilience among oldest-old people. To address this, we developed a resilience scale for oldest-old age (RSO), and examined its reliability and validity.MethodsThe RSO is a self-administered questionnaire developed via a literature review, interviews with oldest-old individuals, and interviews with experts. The survey included 3000 community-dwelling oldest-old people who were recruited via random sampling in Yokohama city, Japan. Construct validity was determined using confirmatory factor analysis. Internal consistency was calculated using Cronbach’s alpha. The revised Philadelphia Geriatric Center Morale Scale (PGC) and the self-anchoring scale to measure the feeling that life is worth living (SAS-WL) were used to assess the criterion-related validity of the RSO.ResultsWe received 1283 valid participant responses. Confirmatory factor analysis identified nine items from one factor of the RSO with a goodness of fit index of 0.979, adjusted goodness of fit index of 0.963, comparative fit index of 0.973, and root mean square error of approximation of 0.049. Cronbach’s alpha was 0.800. The total RSO score was positively correlated with the PGC (r = .492, p < 0.001) and the SAS-WL (r = .559, p < 0.001).ConclusionsThe RSO demonstrated adequate reliability and validity for assessing individual resilience among oldest-old people. Thus, the scale is potentially useful for promoting health and well-being in oldest-old age.
Highlights
The population of oldest-old is rapidly growing
That review found that to enable good adaptation in oldest-old age, it is important to focus on resilience, especially multiple individual resources such as psychosocial resources, valued activities, life experience, and spirituality. These findings suggest that resilience is an important concept in adapting to agingrelated changes and losses and promoting health and well-being among the oldest-old population
This study aimed to develop a framework for a resilience scale for oldest-old age (RSO), and present findings on the psychometric properties of the scale
Summary
The population of oldest-old (those aged ≥80 years) is rapidly growing. This change is likely to have a deep impact on societies. No existing scales have been developed to measure resilience among oldest-old people. We developed a resilience scale for oldest-old age (RSO), and examined its reliability and validity. Older people frequently experience aging-related changes and losses, such as declines in health and functioning, increased chronic illnesses and comorbidities, reduced independence, death of spouse/friends, and loss of social networks [4, 5]. The oldest-old people have difficulty avoiding the impact of problems that increase
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