Development of a real-time PCR assay for rapid identification of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from clinical samples

Abstract

A major drawback of mecA PCR to detect methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) directly from patient materials is the high frequency of methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci. Therefore, a reliable detection method for MRSA from clinical samples using real-time PCR was developed. The PCR assay targeting the integration site ( orfX) of the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCC mec) was evaluated in MRSA SCC mec reference strains ( n = 9 ), MRSA ST strains ( n = 16 ) and clinical isolates of MRSA ( n = 124 ), MSSA ( n = 53 ), methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci ( n = 47 ), and methicillin-susceptible, coagulase-negative staphylococci ( n = 32 ). The diagnostic values of the assay were 98% sensitivity and 100% specificity. Furthermore, the PCR detection method was evaluated with 60 swabs from different body sites which were incubated overnight in brain–heart infusion. The PCR gave positive results for 27 of 29 swabs which were found to contain MRSA by conventional methods. The diagnostic values of the PCR assay for these samples were 93% sensitivity and 100% specificity. To determine the in vitro sensitivity of the assay, swabs were inoculated with serially diluted bacterial suspensions. After overnight enrichment the detection limit of the PCR was less than 10 CFU/swab. This new real-time PCR assay proved to be a fast, sensitive and specific tool for MRSA detection in a routine microbiological laboratory.