Abstract
The relative overcapacity in China's tea-leaf production and the potential application of tea-leaf saponins in soil remediation encouraged in-depth developments and comprehensive utilizations of tea-leaf resources. Through variables optimizations using Box–Behnken designs for ultrasonic power, temperature as well as ultrasonic treatment time in ultrasonic-assisted water extraction and single-variable experiments for acetone-extraction solution ratio in acetone precipitation, a rapid and simple method was developed for preparing tea-leaf saponins. Tea-leaf saponins with the concentration of 3.832 ± 0.055 mg/mL and the purity of 76.5% ± 1.13% were acquired under the optimal values of 78 w, 60 °C, 20 min and 0.1 ratio of acetone-extraction solution. Both Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectra and ultraviolet (UV) spectra revealed slight composition differences between tea-leaf saponins and tea-seed saponins, while these differences were not reflected in the critical micelle concentration (CMC) and the surface tension of tea-leaf saponins and tea-seed saponins, indicating there was no need to distinguish them at the CMC. Further research attention on where tea-leaf saponins were in low concentrations is deserved to discover whether they had differences in comparison with tea-seed saponins, which was beneficial to apply them in the phytoremediation of contaminated soils.
Highlights
IntroductionA type of oleanane pentacyclic triterpene saponin mixtures, contained in stems, leaves, flowers and seeds of tea (Camellia sinensis) [1,2,3] as well as other plants of the genus Camellia, such as Camellia oleifera [4,5], Camellia japonica [6] and Camellia chekiang-oleosa Hu. [7], are classified into tea-leaf saponins (foliatheasaponins) [8,9] and tea-seed saponins (theasaponins) [10,11,12]
Tea saponins, a type of oleanane pentacyclic triterpene saponin mixtures, contained in stems, leaves, flowers and seeds of tea (Camellia sinensis) [1,2,3] as well as other plants of the genus Camellia, such as Camellia oleifera [4,5], Camellia japonica [6] and Camellia chekiang-oleosa Hu. [7], are classified into tea-leaf saponins [8,9] and tea-seed saponins [10,11,12]
This study aimed at measuring the difference of tea-leaf saponins and saponins and tea-seed saponins on the surface tension, which contributes to the surface activity of tea-seed saponins on the surface tension, which contributes to the surface activity of tea saponins as tea saponins as natural surfactants beneficial for the remediation of contaminated soils
Summary
A type of oleanane pentacyclic triterpene saponin mixtures, contained in stems, leaves, flowers and seeds of tea (Camellia sinensis) [1,2,3] as well as other plants of the genus Camellia, such as Camellia oleifera [4,5], Camellia japonica [6] and Camellia chekiang-oleosa Hu. [7], are classified into tea-leaf saponins (foliatheasaponins) [8,9] and tea-seed saponins (theasaponins) [10,11,12]. [7], are classified into tea-leaf saponins (foliatheasaponins) [8,9] and tea-seed saponins (theasaponins) [10,11,12]. Seed meals of C. oleifera, the by-product from Camellia oil (tea-seed oil) extractions, are the principal source of tea saponins, tea-seed saponins [4,5,14]. It is of great significance to develop a simple and rapid method for preparing tea saponins from tea leaves, expanding the source of tea saponins.
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