Abstract
Bloodstream infection (BSI) is a major cause of mortality in hospitalized patients worldwide. Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most common pathogens found in BSI. The conventional workflow is time consuming. Therefore, we developed a lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) for rapid detection of S. aureus-protein A in positive blood culture samples. A total of 90 clinical isolates including 58 S. aureus and 32 non-S. aureus were spiked in simulated blood samples. The antigens were extracted by a simple boiling method and diluted before being tested using the developed LFIA strips. The results were readable by naked eye within 15 min. The sensitivity of the developed LFIA was 87.9% (51/58) and the specificity was 93.8% (30/32). When bacterial colonies were used in the test, the LFIA provided higher sensitivity and specificity (94.8% and 100%, respectively). The detection limit of the LFIA was 107 CFU/mL. Initial evaluation of the LFIA in 20 positive blood culture bottles from hospitals showed 95% agreement with the routine methods. The LFIA is a rapid, simple and highly sensitive method. No sophisticated equipment is required. It has potential for routine detection particularly in low resource settings, contributing an early diagnosis that facilitates effective treatment and reduces disease progression.
Highlights
Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most important bacterial pathogens, causing a variety of diseases such as food poisoning, pneumonia, wound and bloodstream infections
The size of the gold nanoparticles was approximately 13 nm with a maximum absorption wavelength at 521 nm and the solution was wine-red in color
The prevalence of bacteremia caused by S. aureus is up to 20% [27]
Summary
Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most important bacterial pathogens, causing a variety of diseases such as food poisoning, pneumonia, wound and bloodstream infections. It is the Gram-positive pathogen most frequently recovered from positive blood cultures [1]. Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, especially in patients of intensive care units. The global incidence rate of SAB infection ranges from approximately 10 to 65 cases/100,000 population per year with a mortality rate of 22% to 48% [2]. Delays in the identification of the organism lead to inappropriate therapeutic options, progressive stages of severity and decreased survival rate. Rapid species identification for early diagnosis is important to facilitate effective treatment and reduce the severity of the disease
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