Abstract
PurposePatients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) experience fatigue due to impaired myocardial bioenergetics. Cardiomyocyte function depends on the delivery of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), yet there is no convenient bedside method to measure ATP. The purpose of this study was to develop a point-of-contact measurement of ATP that can be used in a clinical setting.MethodsIn a laboratory setting, digital finger punctures were conducted using 5 μl and 10 μl of capillary blood placed into various amounts of water (H2O). After mixing the solution for 10 s, a Hygiena AquaSnapTM Free ATP probe was placed into the solution for 10 s for the detection of ATP. The probe was then placed into the Hygiena luminometer for 15 s, and a value in relative light units (RLU) was obtained.ResultsTest samples using 10 μl of blood diluted from 50 to 500 mls of H2O produced ATP readings of 10,000-7569 RLUs. Using 5 μl of blood in 375–900 ml of H2O decreased the ATP values to 6459-4189 RLUs. Dilutional volume sparing experiments were conducted with ATP standards to determine the concentration of ATP per RLUs.ConclusionPatients with HFpEF have increased metabolic demand and impaired myocardial bioenergetics. Thus, identifying a method to measure ATP that is quick and accurate is imperative to accurately assess cellular energy production in this population. Point-of-contact measures, such as ATP, are needed for precision-guided treatment. Data from this study provides the first step toward developing evidence for health policies related to managing fatigue.
Highlights
The production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is vital for cell function, and 90% of ATP is produced in the mitochondria [1]
5 μl of blood was placed in 400 ml, 600 ml, and 800 ml of H2O without a cut pipette tip and the values ranged from 3507 to 6459 relative light units (RLU) (Table 1)
Once the dilution was at 1 nM/ml, the instrument detected a value of 8223 RLU
Summary
The production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is vital for cell function, and 90% of ATP is produced in the mitochondria [1]. With aging, increased mitochondrial free radicals lead to a decrease in the respiratory chain complexes and reduced ATP production. This increase in free radicals occurs with various diseases such as heart failure and diabetes. Decreased ATP production can lead to many pathophysiologic conditions and cellular apoptosis [2], an accurate method for measuring ATP production is important to determine a patient's cellular function. There are commercially available rapid ATP detection devices for food service, healthcare, and water quality. We used the Hygiena EnSURETM ATP luminometer instrument and swabs designed for measuring ATP water quality. The AquaSnapTM Free swab has a honey-comb shaped dipper that extracts ATP from water that is mixed with a reagent and placed into the device. Within 2 min, light is emitted in direct proportion to the amount of ATP and displayed in relative light units (RLU)
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