Abstract
Pressure ulcer is a disease that has been increasing rapidly worldwide in recent years following the growing elderly population. However, its diagnoses and treatments still depend on the naked eye and traditional drug treatments, respectively. In this study, we examined the effects of the pressure ulcer-induced regions based on impedance measurements and skin electrical signals, and its treatment efficacy was verified using photobiomodulation therapy. The light used in this therapy was a light emitting diode light (660 nm), and it was verified to enhance antioxidant capacity in the enzyme-based antioxidation process. An examination of the angiogenesis efficacy based on wound healing activity and tube formation activation at the cell level confirmed that photobiomodulation therapy accelerated wound healing and angiogenesis. When the treatment effect of the therapy was evaluated with a rat animal model of pressure ulcer, the region affected by the pressure ulcer and the infiltration of inflammatory cells were significantly reduced by photobiomodulation therapy. The diagnosis using skin impedance measurement showed differences in the region affected by the pressure ulcer. The results of this study confirmed the diagnosis based on the impedance and treatment efficacy of photobiomodulation therapy and the treatment of pressure ulcer. The use of photobiomodulation therapy in conjunction with the existing treatment methods is expected to improve the efficiency of the pressure ulcer treatment.
Highlights
Senile diseases increase as the average life expectancy of a person increases
We propose a quantitative diagnostic method for pressure ulcers—that cannot be diagnosed with the naked eye—based on skin impedance in conjunction with photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT)
It was found that the infiltration of inflammatory cells according to the induction of the pressure ulcer decreased by approximately 75% when they were treated with a light emitting diode (LED) at 660 nm (Fig. 6)
Summary
Senile diseases increase as the average life expectancy of a person increases. the continuous management of elderly patients with inconvenience in mobility is difficult. Pressure sores or pressure ulcers are localized tissue necrosis regions caused by impaired blood circulation in tissues owing to constant or repetitive pressure or friction in the bony protrusions, such as bones, of the body. The depth of a pressure ulcer varies by its anatomical position, and the classification stage III or IV is determined by its depth, which is not easy to determine using the naked eye. A shallow pressure ulcer on a body surface with little fat tissue, such as the nostrils, back of the head, back of the ear, sacrum, and ankle, may be classified as stage IV. The hip and sciatic bones, which are rich in adipose tissues, may be classified as stage III because even
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