Development of a Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Method and a Near Infrared Calibration Model for the Rapid Determination of Lipid Content in the Field Pea (Pisum sativum).

Philip Wiredu Addo,Andrée E Gravel,Philip Ossowski,Sarah Macpherson,Marie-Josée Dumont,Valérie Orsat,Rajvinder Kaur,Jaswinder Singh,Valerio Hoyos-Villegas,Mark Lefsrud

doi:10.3390/molecules27051642

Philip Wiredu Addo, Andrée E Gravel + Show 8 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27051642

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Abstract

Pisum sativum is a leguminous crop suitable for cultivation worldwide. It is used as a forage or dried seed supplement in animal feed and, more recently, as a potential non-traditional oilseed. This study aimed to develop a low-cost, rapid, and non-destructive method for analyzing pea lipids with no chemical modifications that would prove superior to existing destructive solvent extraction methods. Different pea accession seed samples, prepared as either small portions (0.5 mm2) of endosperm or ground pea seed powder for comparison, were subjected to HR-MAS NMR analyses and whole seed samples underwent NIR analyses. The total lipid content ranged between 0.57–3.45% and 1.3–2.6% with NMR and NIR, respectively. Compared to traditional extraction with butanol, hexane-isopropanol, and petroleum ether, correlation coefficients were 0.77 (R2 = 0.60), 0.56 (R2 = 0.47), and 0.78 (R2 = 0.62), respectively. Correlation coefficients for NMR compared to traditional extraction increased to 0.97 (R2 = 0.99) with appropriate correction factors. PLS regression analyses confirmed the application of this technology for rapid lipid content determination, with trends fitting models often close to an R2 of 0.95. A better robust NIR quantification model can be developed by increasing the number of samples with more diversity.

Highlights

IntroductionFor more than 50 years, society has depended on the organic chemistry industry to produce basic necessities, such as food, pharmaceuticals, and chemicals
This study aimed to investigate how modern spectroscopy methods, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and near infrared (NIR), could be used to study fatty acids in pea, while developing calibration models to predict pea lipid content in this non-traditional oilseed
The results showed that NMR and NIR are low-cost, rapid, and non-destructive methods for analyzing lipids in pea

Summary

Introduction

For more than 50 years, society has depended on the organic chemistry industry to produce basic necessities, such as food, pharmaceuticals, and chemicals. 92% of organic products are synthesized in the petrochemical industry using either crude oil or natural gas. Legume or pulse crops are mostly cultivated to enhance protein content for human consumption and animal feed, it may be possible to improve lipid concentration through cross-breeding and genetic engineering to increase their value as enhanced bioproducts. Field pea (Pisum sativum) is an important pulse crop that is mostly grown in temperate regions. It is used as either forage or a dried seed supplement in animal feed, and more recently, has been considered, along with other pulse crops, as a potential non-traditional oilseed crop that can help meet global demands for vegetable oil and biodiesel [5]. Peas contain approximately 87% total digestible nutrients, increasing the nutritional value of most diets [7]

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