Abstract
Flue gas analyzers, such as those based on electrochemical cells and infrared sensors, are commonly used to determine the molar concentrations of the different species of flue-gas mixtures and provide information about the associated air-fuel ratio and the resulting combustion efficiency. Here, a new methodology for quaternary-gas analysis that relies on thermoacoustic technology is described for the determination of the composition of typical mixtures of flue gases [A. I. Abd El-Rahman et al., “Thermoacoustic flue-gas analyzer,” EG Patent: International Application No. PCT/EG2020/0000029 (September 23, 2020)]. The hot flue-gas mixtures resulting from the combustion of high-carbon bituminous coal and low-carbon natural gas are allowed to fill in the resonator of an optimized half-wavelength thermoacoustic engine at TH = 900 °C. Under controlled cooling, spontaneous gas–particle oscillations appear at distinct values of resonance frequencies and onset temperature gradients that particularly depend on the molar concentrations of the quaternary-gas components (CO2, CO, O2, and N2) of the introduced samples. Operational ternary diagrams along with respective sensitivity profiles are discussed in detail.
Highlights
The rapidly growing global need for efficient energy-use and concerns over the environmental impacts of fossil-fuel-based energy call for innovative technologies to provide fast, reliable, and inexpensive monitoring tools that enable accurate measurements of the indoor air quality, hazardous leaks in hospitals and factories, and gas emissions from mechanical power systems, such as industrial furnaces and fire-tube boilers
These devices further allow the specification of the corresponding air-to-fuel ratios and the determination of whether they fall within the proper limits for maximum heat output and optimal combustion
non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) sensors3 are spectroscopic sensors that are often used to measure the concentration of carbon monoxide in a certain gas mixture through the calibration of its characteristic absorption of particular wavelengths in response to an emitted infrared light
Summary
The rapidly growing global need for efficient energy-use and concerns over the environmental impacts of fossil-fuel-based energy call for innovative technologies to provide fast, reliable, and inexpensive monitoring tools that enable accurate measurements of the indoor air quality, hazardous leaks in hospitals and factories, and gas emissions from mechanical power systems, such as industrial furnaces and fire-tube boilers. This work was extended by Bascom to allow for the measurement of the coolant temperature and the analysis of the heat source of nuclear reactors It is, the objective of the current work to develop a novel standing-wave thermoacoustic flue-gas analyzer that enables the detection of four main flue-gas components, namely, CO2, CO, O2, and N2 gases, typically produced in different fossil-fuel combustion processes. The present device allows for the determination of the combustion efficiencies in many industrial applications through accurate specification of different gas concentrations while building on the basic principles of thermoacoustics and exploiting the state-of-the-art knowledge of thermoacoustic technology This new sensor offers a simple, reliable, and relatively inexpensive alternative to existing flue-gas analyzers that helps assess the thermal performance of different fossil-fuel-based energy systems
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