Abstract
The bifaciality is significantly affected by the irradiance intensity and non-uniformity of rear irradiance (NUF). Therefore, it would result in large errors with a static bifaciality when simulating the dynamic power generation of bifacial photovoltaic (bPV) modules. In the study, a novel dynamic bifaciality was proposed, considering the above two factors simultaneously. Firstly, the fundamental bifaciality under different irradiance intensities was obtained via current–voltage (I-V) characteristic tests. Secondly, a three-dimensional (3D) view factor model was established to study the effects of the installation parameters, solar irradiance, and solar position on NUF. A regression model was built up to predict NUF with a goodness of fit (R2) of 0.914. Thirdly, an electrical model for bPV modules was established considering the non-uniform distribution of rear irradiance. A bifaciality correction factor (CF) was proposed to quantify the influence of NUF on bifaciality. Moreover, an empirical formula between CF and NUF was fitted with a R2 of 0.98. Finally, the dynamic bifaciality was obtained by correcting the fundamental bifaciality with CF, based on which a novel power generation model of bPV modules was developed. Compared to the outdoor experiments, it was found that when NUF was 14.6%, the daily mean relative errors (MAEs) of the novel model and the traditional method were 1.14% and 6.07%, respectively. When NUF was 23.2%, the daily MAEs were 1.40% and 8.10%, respectively. This indicates that under different conditions, the novel model could reduce the relative error of bPV power simulation by about 80% compared to the traditional method.
Published Version
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