Development of a Novel Electrochemical Biosensor Based on Carbon Nanofibers-Gold Nanoparticles-Tyrosinase for the Detection of Ferulic Acid in Cosmetics.

Alexandra Virginia Bounegru,Constantin Apetrei

doi:10.3390/s20236724

Alexandra Virginia Bounegru, Constantin Apetrei

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/s20236724

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Abstract

The present paper deals with the electrochemical behavior of three types of sensors based on modified screen-printed electrodes (SPEs): a sensor based on carbon nanofibers (CNF/SPE), a sensor based on nanofibers of carbon modified with gold nanoparticles (CNF-GNP/SPE) and a biosensor based on nanofibers of carbon modified with gold nanoparticles and tyrosinase (CNF-GNP-Ty/SPE). To prepare the biosensor, the tyrosinase (Ty) was immobilized on the surface of the electrode already modified with carbon nanofibers and gold nanoparticles, by the drop-and-dry technique. The electrochemical properties of the three electrodes were studied by cyclic voltammetry in electroactive solutions, and the position and shape of the active redox peaks are according to the nature of the materials modifying the electrodes. In the case of ferulic acid, a series of characteristic peaks were observed, the processes being more intense for the biosensor, with the higher sensitivity and selectivity being due to the immobilization of tyrosinase, a specific enzyme for phenolic compounds. The calibration curve was subsequently created using CNF-GNP-Ty/SPE in ferulic acid solutions of various concentrations in the range 0.1–129.6 μM. This new biosensor allowed low values of the detection threshold and quantification limit, 2.89 × 10−9 mol·L−1 and 9.64 × 10−9 mol·L−1, respectively, which shows that the electroanalytical method is feasible for quantifying ferulic acid in real samples. The ferulic acid was quantitatively determined in three cosmetic products by means of the CNF-GNP-Ty/SPE biosensor. The results obtained were validated by means of the spectrometric method in the infrared range, the differences between the values of the ferulic acid concentrations obtained by the two methods being under 5%.

Highlights

Ferulic acid (3-metoxy-4-hydroxycinnamic acid) (FA) is found in fruit, juices and packaged fruit, packaged fruit juices, vegetables, rice, oats, alcoholic beverages and many Chinese medicinal plants, like Angelica sinensis, Cimicifuga heracleifolia, etc. [1,2]
The purpose of the present paper is to study the electrochemical behavior and the qualitative and quantitative determination of ferulic acid by means of three types of electrodes: a screen-printed electrode based on carbon nanofibers (CNF/screen-printed electrodes (SPEs)), a screen-printed electrode based on nanofibers of carbon modified with gold nanoparticles (CNF-GNP/SPE) and a biosensor obtained by modifying
The CNF-GNP-Ty/SPE biosensor proved to be useful in the analysis of ferulic acid in cosmetic products

Summary

Introduction

Ferulic acid (3-metoxy-4-hydroxycinnamic acid) (FA) is found in fruit, juices and packaged fruit, packaged fruit juices, vegetables, rice, oats, alcoholic beverages and many Chinese medicinal plants, like Angelica sinensis, Cimicifuga heracleifolia, etc. [1,2]. Ferulic acid (3-metoxy-4-hydroxycinnamic acid) (FA) is found in fruit, juices and packaged fruit, packaged fruit juices, vegetables, rice, oats, alcoholic beverages and many Chinese medicinal plants, like Angelica sinensis, Cimicifuga heracleifolia, etc. Ferulic acid plays an important role in the human body and is absorbed in the small intestine as a major metabolite of chlorogenic acids [12,13]. FA is known for its powerful antioxidant effect, being useful in the elimination of free radicals [14]. It has a good pain-killing effect, and is suggested as an aid in treating neuropathic pain [13,15]

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