Abstract
The measurement of cysteine in human urine and live cells is crucial for evaluating biological metabolism, monitoring and maintaining the immune system, preventing tissue/DNA damage caused by free radicals, preventing autoimmune diseases, and diagnosing disorders such as cystinuria and cancer. A method that uses a fluorescence turn-on probe and a portable fluorescence spectrometer device are crucial for highly sensitive, simple, rapid, and inexpensive cysteine detection. Herein, we present the synthesis and application of a benzimidazole-based fluorescent probe (ABIA) along with the design and development of a portable fluorescence spectrometer device (CysDDev) for detecting cysteine in simulated human urine. ABIA showed excellent selectivity and sensitivity in detecting cysteine over homocysteine, glutathione, and other amino acids with the response time of 1 min and demonstrated a detection limit of 16.3 nM using the developed CysDDev. Further, ABIA also demonstrated its utility in detecting intracellular cysteine, making it an excellent probe for bio-imaging assay.
Highlights
Biothiols such as cysteine (Cys), homocysteine (Hcy), and glutathione (GSH) play a vital role in numerous biological reactions [1,2,3,4,5,6]
Measuring Cys in human urine and live cells is crucial for evaluating biological metabolism, monitoring and maintaining the immune system, preventing tissue/DNA damage caused by free radicals, preventing autoimmune diseases, and diagnosing disorders such as cystinuria and cancer
The acrylate group in a benzimidazole-based fluorescent probe (ABIA) reacted with the mercapto group in Cys by means of the Michael addition reaction mechanism
Summary
Biothiols such as cysteine (Cys), homocysteine (Hcy), and glutathione (GSH) play a vital role in numerous biological reactions [1,2,3,4,5,6]. Measuring Cys in human urine and live cells is crucial for evaluating biological metabolism, monitoring and maintaining the immune system, preventing tissue/DNA damage caused by free radicals, preventing autoimmune diseases, and diagnosing disorders such as cystinuria and cancer. Though there are numerous reports on mechanistically different fluorescent probes for detecting biothiols [23,24,25,26], only a few have been applied to simultaneously detect Cys in human urine and live-cell imaging [27,28,29]. Using a fluorescent probe that can detect Cys in human urine and live cells can result in an excellent method for diagnosing cystinuria and Cys-related disorders [30]
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