Abstract
BackgroundEstablishing a high-accuracy and non-invasive method is essential for evaluating cardiovascular disease. Skin cholesterol is a novel marker for assessing the risk of atherosclerosis and can be used as an independent risk factor of early assessment of atherosclerotic risk.MethodsWe propose a non-invasive skin cholesterol detection method based on absorption spectroscopy. Detection reagents specifically bind to skin cholesterol and react with indicator to produce colored products, the skin cholesterol content can be obtained through absorption spectrum information on colored products detected by non-invasive technology. Gas chromatography is used to measure cholesterol extracted from the skin to verify the accuracy and reliability of the non-invasive test method. A total of 342 subjects were divided into normal group (n = 115), disease group (n = 110) and risk group (n = 117). All subjects underwent non-invasive skin cholesterol test. The diagnostic accuracy of the measured value was analyzed by receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve.ResultsThe proposed method is able to identify porcine skin containing gradient concentration of cholesterol. The values measured by non-invasive detection method were significantly correlated with gas chromatography measured results (r = 0.9074, n = 73, p < 0.001). Bland–Altman bias was − 72.78 ± 20.03 with 95% limits of agreement − 112.05 to − 33.51, falling within the prespecified clinically non-significant range. We further evaluated the method of patients with atherosclerosis and risk population as well as normal group, patients and risk atherosclerosis group exhibited higher skin cholesterol content than normal group (all P < 0.001). The area under the ROC curve for distinguishing Normal/Disease group was 0.8642 (95% confidence interval, 0.8138 to 0.9146), meanwhile, the area under the ROC curve for distinguishing Normal/Risk group was 0.8534 (95% confidence interval, 0.8034 to 0.9034).ConclusionsThe method demonstrated its capability of detecting different concentration of skin cholesterol. This non-invasive skin cholesterol detection system may potentially be used as a risk assessment tool for atherosclerosis screening, especially for a large population.
Highlights
Establishing a high-accuracy and non-invasive method is essential for evaluating cardiovascular disease
Non‐invasive skin cholesterol detection system is capable of recognizing gradient color solution The final variations in the color of blue chromogenic reagent catalyzed by detection reagent linked to skin cholesterol should be recognized by our device
Accuracy and reliability analysis of non‐invasive skin cholesterol detection To determine the accuracy of non-invasive skin cholesterol detection system, we extract the cholesterol in epidermis after non-invasive measurement with our detection system, and the cholesterol in extractive liquid was measured by gas chromatography
Summary
Establishing a high-accuracy and non-invasive method is essential for evaluating cardiovascular disease. For the detection of atherosclerosis, examinations such as angiography and ultrasound can detect abnormalities only after the lesions have appeared in the arteries, there are limitations in the early screening of atherosclerosis. Other risk factors such as blood lipids, blood sugar and other indicators are invasive tests, and are affected by factors such as diet and fluctuation. Previous efforts in larger studies of SC were hampered by methods that required a skin sample for cholesterol measurement, these concerns have been resolved by a non-invasive method to determine SC for cardiovascular risk assessment [16, 17]
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
