Development of a Non-Invasive Local Heating Load Test to Detect Severe Limb Ischemia Within 200seconds.

Abstract

To establish a non-invasive test method for the rapid detection of severe ischemia (SI) in the limbs in patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Between November 2019 and May 2021, 22 patients admitted for PAD to 2 hospitals agreed to participate in the study. All patients underwent a local heating load (LHL) test. SI was defined as at least 1 ankle-brachial index value of <.4 and/or transcutaneous oximetry value of <30mmHg. The other cases were classified as mild-to-moderate ischemia (MMI). The LHL test was performed simultaneously with 15minutes of heating and measurement by attaching a blood flow meter measuring probe combined with a warmer to the patient's dorsal foot. Evaluation consisted of 200-s periods from the start of heating to 800seconds. For each period, perfusion value (PV) was evaluated, and slope was calculated graphically based on linear regression as PV fluctuation per minute. Test accuracy was calculated using a receiver operating characteristic curve. Twenty-four limbs of 18 patients were finally evaluated; 4 patients (2 with missing data, 1 with collagen disease, and 1 with embolism) were excluded, with 13 and 11 limbs in the SI and MMI groups, respectively. The SI group showed a significantly lower slope value in the first 200seconds and lower PV at 200seconds and thereafter. From the slope value, it was possible to detect SI with 85% sensitivity and 73% specificity at 200seconds. PV could be determined with higher accuracy in periods after 200seconds, with 85% sensitivity and 82% specificity at 800seconds. Our non-invasive LHL test could be used as a rapid screening test to detect SI in limbs within 200seconds, as well as a more accurate test to detect ischemia within 800seconds.