Development of a new initial breeding material in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) using direct organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis

Abstract

Immature zygotic embryos from three inbred lines of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) were used as donor material for the induction of direct organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis. The scope of the spontaneously appearing somaclonal variation has been studied among the regenerants produced according to the method of Freyssinet & Freyssinet (1988), and was compared to the results obtained after gamma ray mutagenesis (7 and 10 Gy). Freshly excised immature zygotic embryos were used for irradiation treatment. Genetic changes occurring spontaneously during the regeneration procedure were observed for date of flowering, vegetation period, plant height, head diameter, 1000 seed weight, kernel oil content, and fatty acid composition. The mutagenic treatment had a marked stimulatory effect on the frequency of the regenerants produced and the degree of the observed changes. The 7 Gy treatment was most efficient for the majority of the characters studied. The type of changes was correlated with the genotype. The degree and type of somaclonal variation, with or without mutagenic treatment, should be sufficient for an application in the production of new breeding material.