Abstract
This work investigates Industry 4.0 technologies by developing a new key performance indicator that can determine the energy consumption of machine tools for a more sustainable supply chain. To achieve this, we integrated the machine tool indicator into a cyber–physical system for easy and real-time capturing of data. We also developed software that can turn these data into relevant information (using Python): Using this software, we were able to view machine tool activities and energy consumption in real time, which allowed us to determine the activities with greater energy burdens. As such, we were able to improve the application of Industry 4.0 in machine tools by allowing informed real-time decisions that can reduce energy consumption. In this research, a new Key Performance Indicator (KPI) was been developed and calculated in real time. This KPI can be monitored, can measure the sustainability of machining processes in a green supply chain (GSC) using Nakajima’s six big losses from the perspective of energy consumption, and is able to detect what the biggest energy loss is. This research was implemented in a cyber–physical system typical of Industry 4.0 to demonstrate its applicability in real processes. Other productivity KPIs were implemented in order to compare efficiency and sustainability, highlighting the importance of paying attention to both terms at the same time, given that the improvement of one does not imply the improvement of the other, as our results show.
Highlights
Circular economy (CE) is an economic movement that seeks the reduction of the environmental impact caused by manufacturing operations and promotes the cyclic and responsible use of resources [1]
As a result of industry strategies to create a competitive advantage through CE, the green supply chain (GSC) concept was developed—for example, to reduce energy consumption or to lower resource use throughout the SC [3]
Industry 4.0 is capable of aligning CE objectives through the development of the industry digitalization [5], enabling companies to move towards sustainable development
Summary
Circular economy (CE) is an economic movement that seeks the reduction of the environmental impact caused by manufacturing operations and promotes the cyclic and responsible use of resources [1]. The objective of this study is to develop a new KPI capable of measuring the impact of energy consumption on the six big losses, which could become a standardized KPI for GSC. The new KPI can identify improvements that can be made in a machine tool at the production level, thereby reducing its energy consumption and effectively reducing production cost. This manuscript begins with a literature review of the key research concepts and their correlation. The paper ends with conclusions and proposals for future studies
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