Abstract
Abstract. This paper demonstrates the development of a moving point source (MPS) model for simulating the atmospheric dispersion of pollutants emitted from ships under movement. The new model is integrated into the chemistry transport model EPISODE–CityChem v1.3. In the new model, ship parameters, especially speed and direction, are included to simulate the instantaneous ship positions and then the emission dispersion at different simulation time. The model was first applied to shipping emission dispersion modeling under simplified conditions, and the instantaneous and hourly averaged emission concentrations predicted by the MPS model and the commonly used line source (LS) and fixed point source (FPS) models were compared. The instantaneous calculations were quite different due to the different ways to treat the moving emission sources by different models. However, for the hourly averaged concentrations, the differences became smaller, especially for a large number of ships. The new model was applied to a real configuration from the seas around Singapore that included hundreds of ships, and their dispersion was simulated over a period of a few hours. The simulated results were compared to measured values at different locations, and it was found that reasonable emission concentrations were predicted by the moving point source model.
Highlights
Maritime transport plays an important role in the global transportation for passengers and goods
The five parameters in the simulation are only updated each hour, assuming that the ship is moving in a straight line or a curve with a constant speed during each hour. This is a limitation for the current version of the moving point source (MPS) model compared to a real ship if its movement parameters change frequently; the model used in this study is to address the idea of a MPS model that has the potential of tracking the ship movement and better simulates the dispersion details of ship emissions
The air pollution dispersion modeling was first conducted with only one ship in the simulation domain, and the plume structures simulated by different emission models are compared
Summary
Maritime transport plays an important role in the global transportation for passengers and goods. To evaluate the contributions of ship emissions on air quality in coastal areas, atmospheric dispersion modeling of the pollutants, such as NOx, SO2 and particulate matter (PM), in a regional or city scale by considering the local meteorological conditions, topographical information, turbulent diffusion and chemical transformations is a useful approach. Different dispersion software such as a Gaussian model and a Eulerian model have been developed and widely applied in numerical simulations (Milazzo et al, 2017; Gibson et al, 2013; De Nicola et al, 2013; Mallet et al, 2018; Kukkonen et al, 2016).
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