Abstract
In recent years, the development of solid cosmetics, as part of sustainable cosmetics strategy, is generating increasing interest. In addition, novel approaches such as Quality by Design concept allowed the development of high-quality products together with a decrease in waste generation. The present study aimed the development of freeze-dried mouthwashes containing Cetraria islandica extract using the Quality by Design approach. Based on the results of preliminary experiments, a factorial design with three factors that varied on two levels was developed. As factors, the filler type (sorbitol or mannitol) was chosen as the qualitative factor and the two quantitative factors were: the filler ratio set from 3 to 5% and polymer (methylcellulose) ratio from 0 to 0.5%. After the preparation and the complete characterization of the formulations generated through the experimental design, the effect of the formulation variables on the lyophilized mouthwashes and the interactions between formulation factors were investigated. Finally, an optimal formulation with appropriate mechanical properties that ensure easy manipulation and no material loss when extracted from the package and fast reconstitution was generated.
Highlights
There is a growing need for performant, safe, and sustainable cosmetic products with a low environmental footprint
The current work describes the application of the Quality by Design (QbD) approach in the development of freeze-dried mouthwashes
To obtain an optimal formulation of freeze-dried mouthwash, both qualitative and quantitative factors that may impact the main characteristics of the final product were investigated
Summary
There is a growing need for performant, safe, and sustainable cosmetic products with a low environmental footprint. To reduce the quantity of waste generated, Member States of EU should encourage the use of products for multiple uses or provide suitable and more sustainable alternatives for single-use plastic products [1]. In this regard, solid cosmetics have gained importance in the last years due to their multiple advantages, mainly the reduced environmental impact. Solid cosmetics can be more appealing to consumers due to their different appearance and innovative concepts This novel approach gives rise to new challenges in the design of safe products that will preserve their properties during storage, handling, and transport [2] and in finding alternative approaches to standard manufacturing
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