Development of a methodology for assessing the parameters of the state of crops and soil environment for crops according to remote sensing of the Earth

Abstract

Improving the efficiency of agriculture is impossible without the use of innovative solutions, among which it is necessary to highlight information technology and the use of the capabilities of the digital economy. To the greatest extent, these opportunities are manifested in such a new technological direction as precision farming which has received a new impetus for development in connection with the expanding use of remote sensing of the Earth. However, it should be noted that the use of remote sensing means for more than twenty years has so far had little effect on the effectiveness of precision farming technologies. This is due to the insufficient development of the scientific and methodological base for the use of remote sensing in the monitoring and control of agricultural technologies. Until now, the enormous opportunities of modern remote sensing tools are reduced to the construction and study of various types of vegetation indices, according to which it is impossible to make control decisions in precision farming systems. This problem is especially acute in control systems for the processes of applying mineral fertilizers, which are the main technological operations in crop production. Here, scientific and technological progress concerned only the mechanization of soil sampling at fixed points in the field and subsequent laboratory analysis of the samples. Each sampling point is considered representative for a field plot with an area of 5 to 15 ha. Such a technology for obtaining information is not only very laborious, but also carries big errors in the subsequent justification of fertilizer doses. The aim of this work is the further development of scientific and methodological foundations and software and hardware assessment tools according to remote sensing data of the content of the main nutrients in plants and soil.