Development of a method to detect three monohydroxylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in human urine by liquid chromatographic tandem mass spectrometry.

Xiaotao Zhang,Hongwei Hou,Qingyuan Hu,Wei Xiong

doi:10.1155/2015/514320

Xiaotao Zhang, Hongwei Hou + Show 2 more

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https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/514320

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Abstract

A liquid chromatographic tandem mass spectrometry method (LC-MS/MS) for the simultaneous determination of 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP), 3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene (3-OHBaP), and 3-hydroxybenz[a]anthracene (3-OHBaA) in human urine has been developed. With the exception of 3-OHBaP at a low spiking level, the average recoveries were greater than 80%. The method has good accuracy (72.1–107.7%) and reproducibility (1.8–11.4%) and was successfully used to study the uptake of pyrene, benzo[a]pyrene, and benzo[a]anthracene from cigarette smoke. The results indicated that urinary 1-OHP concentration in the smoking group (66.58 ± 70.91 ng/g creatinine) was higher than that observed in the nonsmoking group (58.16 ± 49.48 ng/g creatinine). Urinary 3-OHBaA concentrations in nonsmokers and smokers with 8 mg and 10 mg tar cigarettes were 10.98 ± 4.39 ng/g creatinine, 11.01 ± 13.30 ng/g creatinine, and 9.17 ± 12.89 ng/g creatinine, respectively. Urinary 3-OHBaP concentrations in nonsmokers and smokers with 8 mg and 13 mg tar cigarettes were 1.30 ± 0.20 ng/g creatinine, 2.83 ± 1.78 ng/g creatinine, and 6.00 ± 4.44 ng/g creatinine, respectively. Urinary 1-OHP levels exhibited a significant correlation with BaP yield in cigarette smoke under the Canadian intense smoking condition (y = 3.5563x + 30.171, R 2 = 0.9916, n = 227).

Highlights

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) mainly from incomplete combustion of organic matter are an important class of environmental contaminants, which is found in food [1,2,3], feed [4, 5], drinking water [6], and so forth
We describe a LC-MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of urinary 1-OHP, 3-OHBaP, and 3OHBaA
Chemicals and Reagents. 1-OHP was obtained from Dr Ehrenstorfer GmbH (Augsburg, Germany, purity 98.5%). 3OHBaP was purchased from the Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements (Belgium, European Commission, purity 99.4%). 3-OHBaA was purchased from MRIGlobal (Kansas City, Missouri, purity >97%) and the D9-1-OHP internal standard was purchased from Toronto Research Chemicals Inc. (Toronto, Canada). β-Glucuronidase-arylsulfatase (30 U/mL βglucuronidase, 60 U/mL sulfatase) was purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany)

Summary

Introduction

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) mainly from incomplete combustion of organic matter are an important class of environmental contaminants, which is found in food [1,2,3], feed [4, 5], drinking water [6], and so forth. Benzo(a)pyrene, benz(a)anthracene, and pyrene have been classified as category 1, category 2B, and category 3 carcinogens, respectively, by IARC [7]. They have been identified as priority environment pollutants by the U.S Environmental Protection Agency. Pyrene, benzo[a]pyrene, and benz[a]anthracene are metabolised to 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP), 3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene (3OHBaP), and 3-hydroxybenz[a]anthracene (3-OHBaA), respectively, which are excreted in urine. Those three urinary monohydroxylated PAHs (OH-PAHs) are commonly used as biomarkers to monitor human PAHs exposure and assess the environmental and human health risks [11, 12]

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