Abstract
Soybean, Glycine max L., is one of the most important agricultural crops grown in a wide range of latitude. In this regard, in soybean breeding, it is necessary to pay attention to the set of genes that control the transition to the f lowering stage, which will make it possible to adapt genotypes to local growing conditions as accurately as possible. The possibilities of soybean breeding for this trait have now signif icantly expanded due to identif ication of the main genes (E1–E4, GmFT2a, GmFT5a) that control the processes of f lowering and maturation in soybean, depending on the day length. The aim of this work was to develop a panel of markers for these genes, which could be used for a rapid and eff icient genotyping of domestic soybean cultivars and selection of plant material based on sensitivity to photoperiod and the duration of vegetation. Combinations of 10 primers, both previously developed and our own, were tested to identify different alleles of the E1–E4, GmFT2a, and GmFT5a genes using 10 soybean cultivars from different maturity groups. As a result, 5 combinations of dominant and recessive alleles for the E1–E4 genes were identif ied: (1) e1-nl(e1-as)/ e2-ns/e3-tr(e3-fs)/e4; (2) e1-as/e2-ns/e3-tr/E4; (3) e1-as/e2-ns/E3-Ha/e4; (4) E1/e2-ns/e3-tr/E4; (5) e1-nl/e2-ns/E3-Ha/E4. The studied cultivars contained the most common alleles of the GmFT2a and GmFT5a genes, with the exception of the ‘Cassidi’ cultivar having a rare dominant allele GmFT5a-H4. The degree of earliness of cultivars positively correlated with the number of recessive genes E1–E4, which is consistent with the data of foreign authors on different sets of cultivars from Japan and North China. Thus, the developed panel of markers can be successfully used in the selection of soybean for earliness and sensitivity to photoperiod.
Highlights
IntroductionThe first subgenus includes the species Glycine soja (2n = 4x = 40), or the Ussuri soybean – a wild annual plant from Southeast Asia and the cultivated species of soybean – Glycine max L
The genus Glycine consists of two subgenera, Soja and Glycine
We have shown the predominant association of the genotype containing the recessive alleles of the E1–E4 genes with a group of ultra-early maturing and very early maturing cultivars, while cultivars with a later maturity time have one or two dominant alleles for the E1, E3, or E4 genes
Summary
The first subgenus includes the species Glycine soja (2n = 4x = 40), or the Ussuri soybean – a wild annual plant from Southeast Asia and the cultivated species of soybean – Glycine max L. Soybean is cultivated in many countries of the world for food, animal feed and technical purposes due to its unique nutritional properties, including a high protein content (30– 52 %). In terms of protein content, soybean surpasses all cultivated crops, in particular: wheat (9–26 %), rice (7 %), corn (10 %), etc., except for lupine. The value of soy protein is determined by the content of essential amino acids, the sum of which is 20 % of the total protein mass, and in wheat – 18 % (Gorissen et al, 2018). The degree of digestibility of soy protein has the highest index – 1, corresponding to proteins of milk, eggs, and casein and much higher than that of cereals (0.25–0.4) (Hoffman, Falvo, 2004)
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