Abstract
Atmospheric air is a microbial habitat of pathogenic bioaerosols that may pose serious risks to humans. A commonly laboratory-based approach for the diagnosis of such infections in the bloodstream is the blood culture analysis. Its clinical relevance is attributed to the fact that these infections are characterized by high rates of morbidity and mortality, requiring the need for efficient methods for rapid diagnosis. For this reason, our study aimed to develop a method of manometric monitoring for the rapid detection of viable microorganisms in blood culture vials. A methodology was developed to detect pressure variation in intra-vials through a manometric instrument that was coupled to vials of blood culture containing culture broth that allowed microbial growth. This device allowed the early detection of microbial activity based on the production or use of intra-flask gases as a result of microbial metabolic activity. The analyzed variables were the pressure as a function of time, microbial species, and culture medium. The highest pressure found in the flasks without microorganisms was 40 mmHg between 2 and 6 h, and the lowest pressure was −42 mmHg between 21 and 24 h. The variation of the internal pressure in blood culture flasks according to different groups of microorganisms as a function of time demonstrated that the fermentative gram-negative bacilli and gram-positive cocci exhibited a significant increase in relation to their respective control groups (p < 0.001). The non-fermenting gram-negative bacilli showed expected results in relation to the pressure variation in which the production of negative pressures was noticed during the period of analysis, with a significant difference with respect to their control groups (p < 0.001). The developed methodology for the early detection of microorganisms responsible for bloodstream infection was demonstrated to be effective.
Highlights
Sepsis is considered a public health concern of worldwide dimension due to high rates of morbidity and mortality [1]
According to the methodologies applied and within the experimental conditions implemented in the present study, it was concluded that the brain heart infusion (BHI) medium proved to be the most suitable for the analysis of blood pressure behavior in blood culture vials containing different bacterial species associated with sepsis
We found that variations in blood pressure greater than |50| mmHg are indicative of the presence of microorganisms in blood culture flasks
Summary
Sepsis is considered a public health concern of worldwide dimension due to high rates of morbidity and mortality [1]. It is estimated that about 18 million cases occur and more than 27% are responsible for the incidence of mortality [2,3]. The latest key-facts available from the World Health Organization (WHO) date back to 2017, reporting a total of 48.9 million cases and 11 million sepsis-related deaths, reaching ca. Frequency of nosocomial infections, resulting from microbiological contamination of surfaces and/or air of inpatient treatment facilities [8] such as hospitals, pharmacy shops and other clinical facilities, increases the need for an efficient and fast diagnostic tool. The need for information provided by blood culture becomes even more evident due to the increasing rates of multiple-resistant microorganisms [11,12,13]
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