Abstract
Potato peels (PP) are a major agri-food side-stream originating from potato processing, but to date, their green valorization as a bioresource of antioxidant polyphenols is limited to extraction processes involving mainly water/ethanol-based solvents, whereas other eco-friendly methodologies are scarce. This study aimed at developing a simple, straight-forward and green extraction methodology to effectively recover PP polyphenols, using hydroxypropyl β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD). After an initial assay to identify the optimal HP-β-CD concentration that would provide increased extraction yield, optimization based on response surface methodology enabled maximization of the extraction performance, providing a total polyphenol yield of 17.27 ± 0.93 mg chlorogenic acid equivalent g−1 dry mass, at 30 °C. Testing of temperatures higher than 30 °C and up to 80 °C did not favor higher yields. The extracts obtained with HP-β-CD were slightly richer in polyphenols than extracts prepared with conventional solvents, such as aqueous ethanol and methanol, displaying similar antioxidant characteristics. The major polyphenols that could be identified in the extracts were neochlorogenic, chlorogenic, caffeic and ferulic acids. The outcome of this study demonstrated that HP-β-CD may be used as a highly effective green means of recovering PP polyphenols, at near-ambient temperature.
Highlights
Industrial activity within the agri-food sector is a major source of side-streams and wastes, which pose serious and imminent environmental risks
The examination presented illustrated the effectiveness of Potato peels (PP) polyphenol extraction, at near-ambient temperatures, using hydroxypropyl β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD)
The results obtained suggested that regulation of pH at 5 may enhance polyphenol extractability, but the role of stirring speed (SS) and RL/S was significant
Summary
Industrial activity within the agri-food sector is a major source of side-streams and wastes, which pose serious and imminent environmental risks. The dire necessity for proper waste management and handling does not stem merely from avoiding environmental aggravation, and from the recognition that waste agri-food biomass is a primal bioresource of raw materials destined for the production of value-added substances [1]. Various plant tissues regularly rejected during processing of agricultural products to foods, such as stems, peels, seeds, leaves etc., constitute highly important, abundant and low-cost pools of precious phytochemicals, whose use may have wide applicability in food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic formulations [2,3,4]. This makes potatoes the fourth largest food crop, after rice, wheat, and maize [5].
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