Abstract
The overnight polysomnographic (PSG) recordings of patients were scored by an expert to diagnose sleep disorders. Visual sleep scoring is a time-consuming and subjective process. Automatic sleep staging methods can help; however, the mechanism and reliability of these methods are not fully understood. Therefore, experts often need to rescore the recordings to obtain reliable results. Here, we propose a human-computer collaborative sleep scoring system. It is a rule-based automatic sleep scoring method that follows the American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) guidelines to perform an initial scoring. Then, the reliability level of each epoch is analyzed based on physiological patterns during sleep and the characteristics of various stage changes.Finally, experts would only need to rescore epochs with a low-reliability level. The experimental results show that the average agreement rate between our system and fully manual scorings can reach 90.42% with a kappa coefficient of 0.85. Over 50% of the manual scoring time can be reduced. Due to the demonstrated robustness and applicability, the proposed approach can be integrated with various PSG systems or automatic sleep scoring methods for sleep monitoring in clinical or homecare applications in the future.
Highlights
Sleep disorders, such as insomnia and obstructive sleep apnea can seriously affect the quality of life of patients
The PSG data was given to the scorers in a random order and the scoring agreement was assessed between the fully manual scoring and the scoring collaborated with the HCSS for each scorer
The manual scoring time spent on fully manual scoring and HCSS scoring was evaluated and compared in the experiment
Summary
Sleep disorders, such as insomnia and obstructive sleep apnea can seriously affect the quality of life of patients. The prevalence of insomnia symptoms, without using restrictive criteria, is approximately 33% of the general population [1]. The diagnosis of sleep disorders involves overnight polysomnographic (PSG) recordings of a sleeping patient, including electroencephalograms (EEG), electrooculograms (EOG) and electromyograms (EMG). The PSG recordings are scored by a well-trained expert according to the Rechtschaffen & Kales (R&K) rules or the American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) guidelines [2] to classify each epoch (i.e., 30-s data) into one of the sleep stages, including wakefulness (stage W), non-rapid eye movement (stages N1, N2, and N3) and rapid eye movement (stage R).
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