Abstract
Development of a sensitive and selective detection system for pathogenic viral agents is essential for medical healthcare from diagnostics to therapeutics. However, conventional detection systems are time consuming, resource-intensive and tedious to perform. Hence, the demand for sensitive and selective detection system for virus are highly increasing. To attain this aim, different aspects and techniques have been applied to develop virus sensor with improved sensitivity and selectivity. Here, among those aspects and techniques, this article reviews HIV virus particle detection systems incorporated with nanotechnology to enhance the sensitivity. This review mainly focused on four different detection system including vertically configured electrical detection based on scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), electrochemical detection based on direct electron transfer in virus, optical detection system based on localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) and surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) using plasmonic nanoparticle.
Highlights
Viruses are one of the most infectious agents for destructive diseases related to living beings including animals and plants [1]
The high surface-to-volume ratios of nanomaterials have led to their implementation in sensing systems since research on biosensor devices first began to engage with nanotechnology
In this paper we review and discuss recently developed Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) virus particle sensor systems integrated with nanotechnology, focused on electrical detection based on scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), electrochemical detection based on direct electron transfer in virus, and optical detection based on plasmonic nanoparticles
Summary
Viruses are one of the most infectious agents for destructive diseases related to living beings including animals and plants [1]. Most virus-related diseases, including flu and the common cold are exterminated by the host’s innate immune response. Conventional detection including enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and serologic tests systems are not sensitive enough, and are time consuming and resource-intensive. The ELISA system requires multiple steps and several agents with potential possibility for quenching [6] Another powerful diagnostic system, PCR, that detects the nucleic fragments from sample solutions requires considerable sample preparation steps and can be interrupted by small inhibitors [7]. Highly sensitive, selective, fast, and easy to use virus detection systems are needed for more effective treatments
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