Abstract
Diffuse Optical Spectroscopy (DOS) is a promising non-invasive and non-ionizing technique for breast anomaly detection. In this study, we have developed a new handheld DOS probe to measure optical properties of breast tissue. In the proposed probe, the breast tissue is illuminated with four near infrared (NIR) wavelengths light emitting diodes (LED), which are encapsulated in a package (eLEDs), and two PIN photodiodes measure the intensity of the scattered photons at two different locations. The proposed technique of using eLEDs is introduced, in order to have a multi-wavelength pointed-beam illumination source instead of using the laser-coupled fiber-optic technique, which increases the complexity, size, and cost of the probe. Despite the fact that the proposed technique miniaturizes the probe and reduces the complexity of the DOS, the study proves that it is accurate and reliable in measuring optical properties of the tissue. The measurements are performed at the rate of 10[Formula: see text]Hz which is suitable for dynamic measurement of biological activity, in-vivo. The multi-spectral evaluation algorithm is used to reconstruct four main absorber concentrations in the breast including oxy-hemoglobin (cHb), deoxy-hemoglobin (cHbO2), water (cH2O), fat (cFat), and average scattering coefficient of the medium, as well as concentration changes in Hb ([Formula: see text]cHb) and HbO2 ([Formula: see text]cHbO2). Although the probe is designed for breast cancer diagnosis, it can be used in a wide range of applications for both static and dynamic measurements such as functional brain imaging. A series of phantoms, comprised of Delrin[Formula: see text], Intralipid[Formula: see text], PierceTM and Black ink, are used to verify performance of the device. The probe will be tested on human subjects, in-vivo, in the next phase.
Highlights
Breast cancer is the uncontrolled growth of breast cells and is the second leading cause of cancer related death in women
It was anticipated that 5,000 women and 60 men in Canada, and 40,290 women and 430 men in the USA would die from breast cancer in 2015.1,2 Popular methods in breast cancer imaging are X-ray mammography, ultrasound, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which X-ray mammography is the primary and golden standard for breast cancer screening.[3]
Three di®erent technologies have been employed in DOT for the detection of breast cancer: (1) continuous wave (CW), where the amplitude of the signal is measured,[8] (2) frequency domain, in which the light sources are modulated, and the phase and amplitude of the scattered signal are measured,[9] and (3) time domain (TD), in which ultra-short light pulses are used as the light source.[8,9,10]
Summary
Breast cancer is the uncontrolled growth of breast cells and is the second leading cause of cancer related death in women. Three di®erent technologies have been employed in DOT for the detection of breast cancer: (1) continuous wave (CW), where the amplitude of the signal is measured,[8] (2) frequency domain, in which the light sources are modulated, and the phase and amplitude of the scattered signal are measured,[9] and (3) time domain (TD), in which ultra-short light pulses are used as the light source.[8,9,10] There are a number of handheld DOS probes that have been developed for breast cancer diagnosis and monitoring.[11,12,13,14,15,16,17] Source-detector separations on the probes are in the range of 0.5 cm to 3.5 cm and are positioned in re°ectance geometry to measure the optical properties of the underneath tissue.[11] They use a number of laser light sources orber coupled laser light sources in NIR range to determine the concentration of main absorbers in the breast tissue related to sensing anomalies including oxy-hemoglobin, deoxy-hemoglobin, water, and fat In these probes, laser light sources are located 5 mm to 10 mm away from each other which reduces performance of the device to detect an anomaly tissue. Two PIN photodiodes are used to measure intensity of scattered photons at the rate of 10 Hz which is suitable for the dynamic functional measurement of the tissue under test
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
