Abstract
We constructed a food-based diet quality score (DQS) and examined its association with obesity measures, eating styles and nutrient intakes. Participants were 3592 individuals (764 dizygotic [DZ] and 430 monozygotic [MZ] twin pairs) from the FinnTwin16 study. The DQS (0–12 points) was constructed from a short 14 item food frequency questionnaire. Anthropometric measures and eating styles were self-reported. Nutrient intakes were calculated from food diaries completed in a subsample of 249 individuals (45 same-sex DZ and 60 MZ twin pairs). Twins were analyzed both as individuals and as twin pairs. The DQS was inversely associated with body mass index (β = −0.12, per one-unit increase in DQS, p < 0.001), waist circumference (β = −0.34, p < 0.001), obesity (odds ratio [OR]: 0.95, p = 0.004) and abdominal obesity (OR: 0.88, p < 0.001), independent of sex, age, physical activity and education. A higher DQS was associated with health-conscious eating, having breakfast, less snacking, fewer evening meals, and a higher frequency and regularity of eating. The DQS was positively correlated with the intakes of protein, fiber and magnesium and negatively correlated with the intakes of total fat, saturated fat and sucrose. Within twin pairs, most of the associations between the DQS with eating styles and some nutrients remained, but the DQS was not associated with obesity measures within twin pairs. The DQS is an easy-to-use tool for ranking adults according to diet quality and shows an association with obesity measures, eating styles and key nutrients in the expected direction.
Highlights
Because dietary patterns have a major role in the development of chronic diseases [1], accurate dietary assessment is important
This study describes the development and validation of a food-based Diet Quality Score (DQS), derived from a short food frequency questionnaires (FFQ) that was developed for the FinnTwin16 survey
In the present study, a diet quality score derived from a short FFQ that only asked about the usual consumption frequency of 14 foods and beverages showed associations with obesity measures in a similar magnitude as those diet quality scores derived from more extensive FFQs [38]
Summary
Because dietary patterns have a major role in the development of chronic diseases [1], accurate dietary assessment is important. Dietary assessment methods provide data on dietary intake and diet quality. Due to their feasibility and low cost in large-scale studies, food frequency questionnaires (FFQ). Recent studies have shown that higher diet quality scores derived from extensive FFQs, such as the Alternate Mediterranean. Eating breakfast regularly [5] and consuming meals frequently is associated with a higher diet quality especially if some eating occasions are low in energy [6]. These behavioral aspects of eating are associated with body mass index (BMI) changes over time [7]
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