Development of a fast‐scan EPR imaging system for highly accelerated free radical imaging

Abstract

In continuous wave EPR imaging, the acquisition of high-quality images was previously limited by the requisite long acquisition times of each image projection that was typically greater than 1 second. To accelerate the process of image acquisition facilitating greater numbers of projections and higher image resolution, instrumentation was developed to greatly accelerate the magnetic field scan that is used to obtain each EPR image projection. A low-inductance solenoidal coil for field scanning was used along with a spherical solenoid air core magnet, and scans were driven by triangular symmetric waves, allowing forward and reverse spectrum acquisition as rapid as 3.8 ms. The uniform distribution of projections was used to optimize the contribution of projections for 3D image reconstruction. Using this fast-scan EPR system, high-quality EPR images of phantoms and perfused rat hearts were performed using trityl or nanoparticulate LiNcBuO (lithium octa-n-butoxy-substituted naphthalocyanine) probes with fast-scan EPR imaging at L-band, achieving spatial resolutions of up to 250 micrometers in 1 minute. Fast-scan EPR imaging can greatly facilitate the efficient and precise mapping of the spatial distribution of free radical and other paramagnetic probes in living systems.