Abstract
Multiple nations have implemented policies for greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction since the 21st Conference of Parties (COP 21) at the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in 2015. In this convention, participants voluntarily agreed to a new climate regime that aimed to decrease GHG emissions. Subsequently, a reduction in GHG emissions with specific reduction technologies (renewable energy) to decrease energy consumption has become a necessity and not a choice. With the launch of the Korean Emissions Trading Scheme (K-ETS) in 2015, Korea has certified and financed GHG reduction projects to decrease emissions. To help the user make informed decisions for economic and environmental benefits from the use of renewable energy, an assessment model was developed. This study establishes a simple assessment method (SAM), an assessment database (DB) of 1199 GHG reduction technologies implemented in Korea, and a machine learning-based GHG reduction technology assessment model (GRTM). Additionally, we make suggestions on how to evaluate economic benefits, which can be obtained in conjunction with the environmental benefits of GHG reduction technology. Finally, we validate the applicability of the assessment model on a public building in Korea.
Highlights
After the adoption of the Kyoto Protocol at the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change in 1997, many countries globally, including Korea, have made considerable efforts to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions
The principal component analysis (PCA) of the standard DB, gradient boosting regression tree (GBRT), support vector machine (SVM), and deep neural network (DNN) were selected as the algorithms to analyze the standard DB
Python 3.8.0, an open-source machine learning analytics tool, was used for preprocessing analytics data, conducting PCA, and developing the machine learning-based GHG reduction technology prediction model to establish the optimal mode and Pandas, Keras, and Scikit-learn libraries were used for machine learning analysis [33]
Summary
After the adoption of the Kyoto Protocol at the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change in 1997, many countries globally, including Korea, have made considerable efforts to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. To successfully reduce GHG emissions across the country, led by the public sector, Korea included a ‘robust implementation system for a new climate regime’ in its 100 policy tasks, that required public institutions to reduce GHG emissions [2]. As a result, starting in 2020, any newly constructed building owned by public institutions is obligated to implement zero energy and make a 30% reduction in baseline emissions (the mean GHG emissions of 2007, 2008, and 2009) by 2030 [3]. Several studies have been conducted to establish energy reduction policies or analyze the effect of GHG emissions reductions from the use of renewable energy. National policies, along with economic and environmental decision-making for renewable energy, must be modified based on the results of a comprehensive assessment of energy consumption characteristics in buildings
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