Abstract
Most electric vehicles adopt cooperative braking systems that can blend friction braking torque with regenerative braking torque to achieve higher energy efficiency while maintaining a certain braking performance and driving safety. This paper presented a new cooperative regenerative braking system that contained a fully-decoupled hydraulic braking mechanism based on a modified electric stability control system. The pressure control algorithm and brake force distribution strategy were also discussed. Dynamic models of a front wheel drive electric car equipped with this system and a simulation platform with a driver model and driving cycles were established. Tests to evaluate the braking performance and energy regeneration were simulated and analyzed on this platform and the simulation results showed the feasibility and effectiveness of this system.
Highlights
In recent years, the development of electric cars has been the leading direction in the automobile industry as they can improve the energy usage efficiency as well as reduce the emissions of pollutants [1]
Each wheel was equipped with a disc brake with a hydraulic pressure sensor sensor and and the the pressure pressure in in each each brake brake cylinder cylinder was was controlled controlled by hydraulic control pressure by aa hydraulic control unit, unit, which was only had an actuator with some solenoid valves and electric pumps inside
Tm is the motor torque; R is the rolling radius of the wheel; ω1 is the angular speed of the wheel; Th1 is the hydraulic braking torque on the front axle; and Tm1 is the driving torque output by the motor through the transmission
Summary
The development of electric cars has been the leading direction in the automobile industry as they can improve the energy usage efficiency as well as reduce the emissions of pollutants [1]. (Cleveland, OH, USA) developed a braking system with a controllable hydraulic booster that could control the pressure in the front calipers This system could be used on an electric vehicle to perform regenerative braking on the front axle [4]. Electronic Stability Control (ESC) hydraulic control unit that had two extra valves, but had no pedal travel simulation mechanism This system is capable of performing regenerative braking while the pedal feel will be affected when the electric motor is engaged [5]. Toyota (Toyota, Aichi, Japan), cooperating with ADVICS (Kariya, Aichi, Japan), implemented an electro hydraulic braking system in the Prius This system is characterized by a fully by-wire hydraulic control unit and a pedal feel simulation mechanism, making it able to adjust the pressure in each wheel cylinder precisely and independently [6]. A regenerative braking system can be realized based on an electronic stability control system where there will be lower complexity and technical barriers
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