Abstract
A chemical equilibrium model for known outlet temperature of the products was carried out on a downdraft fixed bed gasifier. Biomass from oil palm kernel is used with proximate and ultimate analysis; the general gasification reaction takes into account the biomass moisture, the reaction products are formed by CH4, H2O, N2, CO, CO2 and H2. The model is described in detail and the equations are solved using the EES software. The model shows the results obtained for temperature ranges from 500 K to 1500 K and 1.0 atm. The model is validated by direct comparison of the gas composition with the results reported in the literature for similar conditions, obtaining favorable results.
Highlights
Throughout human history, the use of fossil fuels has been the main driver of energy supply
There is a brief description of the stages that occur in the gasification process in a fixed bed downdraft reactor, the considerations used for the calculation of the thermodynamic properties of the necessary components are shown, as well as the equations used; subsequently, the energy balance of the process is shown according to the first law of thermodynamics, followed by the parameters used to estimate the Gibbs energy of the compounds in the gasification process
Development of a chemical equilibrium model of the downdraft fixed bed gasification process The Figure 1 shows the structure used for the development of the equilibrium model, a description is made of the equations used and the calculations developed
Summary
Throughout human history, the use of fossil fuels has been the main driver of energy supply. The excessive use of these fuels has led to an increase in environmental pollution and a considerable decrease of them [1]. Biomass is a renewable energy source that is currently being used as energy through various processes (gasification, combustion, pyrolysis, among others) to obtain higher value-added fuels. Biomass can be used for direct burning, providing thermal energy in the required locations, direct combustion thereof causes environmental impacts due to polluting emissions such as CO2 or nitrous oxides, when the temperature of the products reaches relatively high values, these components are harmful to health and life on the planet. The advantage of gasification over combustion is the reduction of polluting emissions, since the process temperature does not reach values as high as those obtained in combustion, given that the amount of oxidizing agent is lower
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